(Lisbon, 1790), and his chronicle of John II in vol ii. of the same collection (Lisbon, 1792) The introduction to the chronicle of King Duarte contains the fullest account of Pina’s life. (E. Pr.)
PINACOTHECA, a picture-gallery (Gr. πινακοθήκη, from πίναξ,
a tablet or picture). The name is especially given to the building
containing pictures which formed the left wing of the Propylaea
on the Acropolis at Athens. Though Pausanias (Bk. II., xxii. 6)
speaks of the pictures “ which time had not effaced," which
seems to point to fresco painting, the fact that there is no trace
of any preparation for stucco on the walls rather shows that the
paintings were easel pictures (J. G. Frazer, Pausanias’s Description
of Greece, 1898, ii. 252). The Romans adopted the term
for the room in a private house containing pictures, statues,
and other works of art. It is used for a public gallery on the
continent of Europe, as at Bologna and Turin. At Munich there
are two galleries known as the Old and New Pinakothek.
PINAR DEL RIO, capital of Pinar del Rio Province, Cuba,
about 107 m. S.W. by railway from Havana. Pop. (1907),
10,634. The city is in the fertile valley of the Guama. It is the
centre of the tobacco industry of the Vuelta Abajo region. Its
port is La Coloma, on the southern coast. The pueblo was
created after 1773; but the history of the settlement goes back
to 1571, and the parochial church dates from 1710.
PINCKNEY, CHARLES (1757–1824), American statesman,
was born on the 26th of October 1757 at Charleston, South Carolina, he was the son of Charles Pinckney (1731–1784). first president of the first South Carolina Provincial Congress (]an. to June 1775), and a cousin of Charles Cotesworth Pinckney and Thomas Pinckney. He was studying law at the outbreak of the War of Independence, served in the early campaigns in the South, and in 1779 was elected to the South Carolina House of Representatives. He was captured by the British at the fall of Charleston (1780), and remained a prisoner until the close of hostilities. He was elected a delegate to the Congress of the Confederation in 1784, 1785 and 1786, and in 1786 he moved the appointment a committee “ to take into consideration the affairs of the nation, ” advocating in this connexion an enlargement of the powers of Congress. The committee having been appointed, Pinckney was made chairman of a sub-committee
which prepared a plan for amending the articles of confederation In 1787 he was a delegate to the Federal constitutional convention, and on the same day (May 29) on which Edmund Randolph (q.v.) presented what is known as the Virginia plan, Pinckney presented a draft of a constitution which is known as the Pinckney plan. Although the Randolph resolutions were made the basis on which the new constitution was framed, Pinckney’s plan seems to have been much drawn upon. Furthermore, Pinckney appears to have made, valuable suggestions
regarding phrasing and matters of detail. On the 18th of
August he introduced a series of resolutions, and to him should probably be accredited the authorship of the substance of some thirty-one or thirty-two provisions of the constitution[1] Pinckney was president of the State Convention of 1790 that framed a new constitution for South Carolina, was governor of the state from 1789 to 1792, a member of the state House of Representatives in 1792–1796, and again governor from 1796 to 1798. From 1799 to 1801 he was a member of the United States Senate. He entered public life as a Federalist, but later became the leader in organizing the Democratic-Republican party in his state, and contributed largely to the success of Thomas Jefferson in the presidential election of 1800. By Jefferson’s appointment he was American minister to Spain from 1801 to 1805. In general his mission was a distinct failure, his arrogance and indiscretions finally causing the Spanish government to request his recall. He was elected to the state House of Representatives in 1805, was again governor of South Carolina from 1806 to 1808, in 1810–1814 was once more a member of the state House of Representatives, in which he defended President Madison’s war policy, and from 1819 to 1821 was a member of the National House of Representatives, in which he opposed the Missouri Compromise in a brilliant speech. He died at
Charleston, South Carolina, on the 29th of October 1824.
His son, Henry Laurens Pinckney (1794–1863), was a member of the state House of Representatives in 1816–1832, founded in 1819 and edited for fifteen years the Charleston Mercury, the great exponent of state’s rights principles, and was a member of the National House of Representatives in 1833–1837.
PINCKNEY, CHARLES COTESWORTH (1746–1825), American statesman, was born in Charleston, South Carolina, on the 25th of February 1746, the son of Charles Pinckney (d. 1758),[2] by his second wife, the celebrated girl planter, Eliza Lucas. When a child he was sent to England, like his brother Thomas after him, to be educated. Both of them were at Westminster and Oxford and were called to the bar, and for a time they studied in France at the Royal Military College at Caen. Returning to America in 1769, C. C. Pinckney began the practice of law at Charleston, and soon became deputy attorney-general of the province. He was a member of the first South Carolina provincial congress in 1775, served as colonel in the South Carolina militia in 1776–1777, was chosen president of the South Carolina Senate in 1779, took part in the Georgia expedition and the attack on Savannah in the same year, was captured at the fall of Charleston in 1780 and was kept in close confinement until 1782, when he was exchanged. In 1783 he was commissioned a brevet brigadier-general in the continental army. He was an influential member of the constitutional convention of 1787, advocating the counting of all slaves as a basis of representation and opposing the abolition of the slave trade. He opposed as “impracticable” the election of representatives by popular vote, and also opposed the payment of senators, who, he thought, should be men of wealth. Subsequently Pinckney bore a prominent part in securing the ratification of the Federal constitution in the South Carolina convention called for that purpose in 1788 and in framing the South Carolina State Constitution in the convention of 1790. After the organization of the Federal government, President Washington offered him at different times appointments as associate justice of the Supreme Court (1791), secretary of war (1795) and secretary
- ↑ The “Pinckney Plan” has been the subject of considerable discussion When, in 1818, John Quincy Adams was preparing the Journal of the convention for publication and discovered that the Pinckney plan was missing, he wrote to Pinckney for a copy, and Pinckney sent him what he asserted was either a copy of his original draft or a copy of a draft which differed from the original in no essentials But as this was found to bear a close resemblance to the draft reported by the committee of detail, Madison and others, who had been members of the convention, as well as historians, treated it as spurious, and for years Pinckney received little credit for his work in the convention. Later historians, however, notably Franklin Jameson and Andrew C. McLaughlin, have accredited to him the suggestion of a number of provisions of the constitution as a result of their efforts to reconstruct his original plan chiefly from his speeches, or alleged speeches, and from certain papers of James Wilson, a member of the committee of detail, one of which papers is believed to be an outline of the Pinckney plan. See J F jameson, “Studies in the History of the Federal Conention of 1787,” in the Annual Report of the American Historical Association for 1902, vol 1, A C McLaughlin, “Outline of Pinckney’s Plan for a Constitution, ” in The Nation, April 28, 1904; an article entitled “Sketch of P1nckney’s Plan for a Constitution," in the American Historical Review for July 1904; and C. C. Nott, The Mystery of lhe Pinckney Draught (New York, 1908), an attempt by a former chief-Justice of the U S Court of Claims to prove that the document sent by Pinckney to Adams in 1818 is a genuine copy of his original plan.
- ↑ Charles Pinckney, the father, was long prominent in colonial affairs; he was attorney-general of the province in 1733, speaker of the assembly in 1736–1738 and in 1740, chief justice of the province in 1752–1753, and agent for South Carolina in England in 1753–1758. He was the uncle of Charles Pinckney (1731–1784), and the great-uncle of Charles Pinckney (1757–1824). Eliza Lucas Pinckney (c. 1722–1793) was the daughter of Lieut -Colonel George Lucas of the British army, who about 1738 removed from Antigua to South Carolina, where he acquired several plantations He was almost immediately recalled to Antigua, and his daughter undertook the management of the plantations with conspicuous success. She is said to have been the first to introduce into South Carolina (and into continental North America) the cultivation and manufacture of indigo, and she also imported silkworms—in 1753 she presented to the princess of Wales a dress made of silk from her plantations. She was married to Charles Pinckney in 1744. See Harriott H Ravenel, Eliza Pinckney (New York, 1896), in the “Women of Colonial and Reolut1onary Times" series.
