whose first husband Matthew Barre had deserted her and was believed to be dead. Barre, however, re-appeared a few years later, and Sadler then obtained an act of parliament legitimatizing his children. Sadler was not a brilliant statesman, but a most faithful and intelligent servant. His letters, particularly those on Scottish affairs, are most interesting.
Bibliography.—Letters and Negotiations of Sir Ralph Sadler (Edinburgh, 1720); The State Papers and Letters of Sir R. Sadler, ed. Arthur Clifford, with a memoir b Sir Walter Scott (Edinburgh, 1809, 3 vols.); article by N. H. N. in Gentleman's Magazine for March 1835; j. M. Cussans, Hist. of Hertfordshire (1870–1873, 3 vols.); Memoir of the Life and Times of Sir R. Sadleir, by F. Sadleir Stoney (1877); Life and Letters of Thomas Cromwell, by R. B. Merriman (Oxford, 1902, 2 vols.).
SADO, an island belonging to Japan, lying 32 m. W. of Niigata,
on 38° N., 138° 30' E. It has a circumference of I3O m., an area
of 336 sq. m. and a population of 113,000. The port is Ebisa,
on the east coast; and at a distance of 16½ m., near the west
coast, is the town of Aikawa, having in its vicinity gold and
silver mines, for which Sado is famous. They have been worked
from very early times. Sado consists of two parallel hill ranges
separated by a lower isthmus; the loftiest peak is that of
Kimpokuzan (3815 ft.), to the north of Aikawa.
SADOLETO, JACOPO (1477–1547), Italian humanist and churchman, was born at Modena in 1477, and, being the son of a noted jurist, was designed for the same profession. He gave
himself, therefore, to humanistic studies and acquired reputation
as a Latin poet, his best-known piece being one on the group of
Laocoon. Passing to Rome, he obtained the patronage of
Cardinal Carafa and adopted the ecclesiastical career. Leo X.
chose him as his secretary along with Pietro Bembo, and in 1517
made him bishop of Carpentras. Sadoleto had a remarkable
talent for affairs and approved himself a faithful servant of the
papacy in many difficult negotiations under successive popes,
especially as a peacemaker; but he was no bigoted advocate of
papal authority, and the great aim of his life was to win back
the Protestants by peaceful persuasion—he would never countenance
persecution—and by putting Catholic doctrine in a conciliatory
form. Indeed his chief work, a Commentary on Romans,
though meant as a prophylactic against the new doctrines,
gave great offence at Rome and Paris. Sadoleto was a diligent
and devoted bishop and left his diocese with reluctance even
after he was made cardinal (1536). His piety and tolerant spirit,
combined with his reputation for scholarship and eloquence
and his diplomatic abilities, give him a unique place among
the churchmen of his time. He died in 1547.
His collected works appeared at Mainz in 1607, and include, besides his theologico-irenical pieces, a collection of Epistles, a treatise on education (first published in 1533), and the Phaedrus, a defence of philosophy, written in 1538. The best collection is that published at Verona (1737–1738); it includes the life by Fiordibello. See also Péricaud, Fragments biographiques sur Jacob Sadolet (Lyons, 1849); ]oty, Étude sur Sadolet (Caen, 1857); Balan, Monumenta, vol. i. (Innsbruck, 1885); Rochini's edition of the letters (Modena, 1872).
SADOLIN, JÖRGEN (c. 1499–1559) Danish reformer, the son of Jens Christensen, a curate and subsequently a canon of
Viborg cathedral, and consequently, in all probability, born
(c. 1499) out of wedlock, as his Catholic opponents frequently
took care to remind him, He himself never used the name
Sadolinus, which seems to have been invented subsequently
by his son Hans, and points to the fact that the family were
originally saddle-makers. We first hear of him on the 1st of
December 1525, when Frederick I. permitted him to settle at
Viborg to teach young persons of the poorer classes “ whatever
might be profitable.” On this occasion he is described as
“ magister ” and no doubt got his degree abroad, where he seems
to have been won for the Reformation. He sided with Hans
Tausen when the latter first began to preach the gospel at Viborg,
and Tausen, though himself only in priest's orders, shortly
before he left the place, ordained Sadolin (1529). Amongst
“ the free priests ” who attended the herredag of Copenhagen
in 1530 Sadolin occupied a prominent place. Frederick subsequently
transferred him to Funen, where he acted, according
to his own expression, as “adjutor in verbo” to Knud
Gyldenstjerne, bishop of Odense. At the diocesan council
held on the 27th of May 1532, during the absence of the bishop,
he presented to the assembled priests a translation of Luther's
catechism, with Luther's name omitted, preceded by an earnest
plea in favour of a better system of education and a more practical
application of the Christian life, which occupies a conspicuous
place in the literature of the Danish Reformation. In the
following year Sadolin published the first Danish translation
of the Confession of Augsburg. He disappears during the
troublous times of “C’-revens Fejde ” (1533–1536), though we
get a glimpse of him at the end of 1536 as one of the preachers
at Vor Frue Kirke, the principal church of Copenhagen. On
the 2nd of September 1537 he was consecrated by the German
reformer, Johann Bugenhagen, who himself only had priest's
orders, superintendent, or first evangelical bishop, of Funen.
As bishop he was remarkable for the success with which he
provided the necessary means for the support of churches,
schools and hospitals in his widespread diocese, which had been
deprived of its usual sources of income by the wholesale confiscation of church property. Towards the Catholics he adopted
a firm, but moderate and reasonable, tone, and his indulgence
towards the monks in St Knud's cloister drew down upon him a
fierce attack from the Puritan clergyman of Odense, who absurdly
accused him of being a crypto-Catholic. He gave the funeral
oration over Christian III. in St John's Church at Odense in
February 1559, though now very infirm and blind, and died at
the end of the same year.
See Bricka, Dansk Biografish Lx. Art. Sadolin (Copenhagen, 1887). (R. N. B.)
SADOWA (Czech, Sádová), a village of Bohemia, Austria,
4 m. N.W. of Königgrätz. Pop. (1900) 183, exclusively Czech.
Sadowa, with the small adjoining wood, was one of the principal
and most hotly contested Prussian positions in the decisive
battle now usually called by the name of Königgrätz (see Seven Weeks' War).
SAEPINUM (mod. Altilia, near Sepino), a Samnite town
9m. S. of the modern Campobasso, on the ancient road from
Beneventum to Corfinium. It was captured by the Romans
in 293 B.C. The position of the original town is on the mountain
far above the Roman town, and remains of its walls in Cyclopean
masonry still exist. The city walls (in opus reticulatum) of the
Roman town were erected by Tiberius before he became emperor,
the date (between 2 B.C. and A.D. 4) being given by an inscription.
Within them are remains of a theatre and other buildings,
including temples of Jupiter and Apollo, and there still exists,
by the gate leading to Bovianum, an important inscription of
about A.D. 168, relating to the tratture (see Apulia) in Roman
days, forbidding the natives to harm the shepherds who passed
along them (Corp. inscr. Lat. ix. 2438).
See L. Fulvio in Not. degli scav. (1878), 374.
SAETERSDAL, a district in the south of Norway, comprising
the valleys of the Otter river and its tributaries. The river
rises in the fjelds above the Bukken Fjord, and flows south to
Christiansund. The natives preserve old customs and an
individual costume. A railway follows the valley to Byglands
Fjord (48 m.), on the lake of that name, fostering the local
agricultural and timber trade, and a driving road continues to
Viken i Valle from which bridle-paths lead to Dalen in Telemarken,
and over the Enden and Malen fjelds to Lake Suldal
on the Bratlandsdal route.
SAFED KOH (“white mountain”), in many respects the most
remarkable range of mountains on the north-west frontier of India, extending like a 14,000 ft. wall, straight and rigid, towering above all surrounding hills, from the mass of mountains which overlook Kabul on the south-east to the frontiers of India, and preserving a strike which—being more or less perpendicular to the border line—is in strange contrast to the usual conformation of frontier ridge and valley. The highest peak, Sikaram, is 15,620 ft. above sea-level, and yet it is not a conspicuous point on this unusually straight-backed range. Geographically the Safed Koh is not an isolated range, for there is no break in the continuity of water divide which connects it
