1782, being the second son of Thomas Wilde, an attorney. He was educated at St Paul’s School and was admitted an attorney in 1805. He subsequently entered the Inner Temple and was called to the bar in 1817, having practised for two years before as a special pleader. Retained for the defence of Queen Caroline in 1820 he distinguished himself by his cross-examination and laid the foundation of an extensive common law practice. He first entered parliament in the Whig interest as member for Newark (1831–1832 and 1835–1841), afterwards representing Worcester (1841–1846). He was appointed solicitor-general in 1839, and became attorney-general in succession to Sir John (afterwards Baron) Campbell in 1841. In 1846 he was appointed chief justice of the common pleas, an office he held until 1850, when he became lord chancellor, and was created Baron Truro of Bowes, Middlesex. He held this latter office until the fall of the ministry in 1852. He died in London on the nth of November 1855. His son Charles (1816–1891) succeeded as 2nd baron, but on the death of his nephew the 3rd baron in 1899 the title became extinct.
Lord Truro was the uncle of James Plaisted Wilde, Baron Penzance (1816–1899), who was appointed a baron of the court of exchequer in i860, and was judge of the court of probate and divorce from 1863 to 1872. In 1875 he was appointed dean of the court of arches, retiring in 1899. He was created a peer in 1869, but died without issue, and the title became extinct.
TRURO, the chief town of Colchester county, Nova Scotia, on the Salmon river, near the head of Cobequid Bay, 61 m. from Halifax by rail. Pop. (1901), 5993. It is an important junction on the Intercolonial and Midland railways, and the thriving centre of a lumbering and agricultural district. There are numerous local industries, such as engine and boiler works, carriage factory and milk-condensing factory. It also contains the county buildings and the provincial normal school. The Victoria (or Joseph Howe) Park in the vicinity is of great natural beauty.
TRURO, an episcopal city and municipal borough in the
Truro parliamentary division of Cornwall, England, 11 m. N.
of Falmouth, on the Great Western railway. Pop. (1901),
11,562. It lies in a shallow valley at the junction of the small
rivers Kenwyn and Allen in Truro river, a branch creek of the
great estuary of the Fal. It is built chiefly of granite, with
broad streets, through the chief of which there flows a stream
of water. The episcopal see was founded in 1876, covering the
former archdeaconry of Cornwall in the diocese of Exeter; the
area including the whole of the county of Cornwall, with a
small portion of Devonshire. The cathedral church of St Mary
was begun in 1880 from the designs of John Loughborough
Pearson, and is among the most important modern ecclesiastical
buildings in England. The architect adopted the Early English
style, making great use of the dog-tooth ornament. The form
of the church is cruciform, but it is made irregular by the
incorporation, on the south side of the choir, of the south aisle
of the parish church, this portion retaining, by Act of Parliament
of 1887, all its legal parochial rights. The design of the
cathedral includes a lofty central and two western towers with
spires, and a rich west front and south porch; with a cloister
court and octagonal chapter-house on the north. Among other
noteworthy modern institutions may be mentioned the theological
library presented by Bishop Phillpotts in 1856, housed
in a Gothic building (1871). The grammar school possesses
exhibitions to Exeter College, Oxford. Truro has considerable
trade in connexion with the tin mines of the neighbourhood.
There are tin-smelting works, potteries, and manufactures
of boots, biscuits, jam and clothing. Small vessels can lie
at the quays, though the harbour is dry at low water; but
large vessels can approach within three miles of the city. The
borough is under a mayor, 6 aldermen and 18 councillors.
Area, 1127 acres.
At the time of the Domesday Survey Truro (Trueret, Treurok, Treueru) was a comparatively small manor held by Jovin of Count Robert of Mortain. Its municipal charter dates from Richard Lucy the chief justiciar who held the demesne lands and under whom the free burgesses had apparently a grant of sake and soke, toll and team and infangenethef. Reginald earl of Cornwall, by an undated charter, added to these privileges exemption from the jurisdiction of the hundred and county courts and from toll throughout the county. Henry II. confirmed the grant of his uncle the said Reginald. In 1304 Truro was constituted a coinage town for tin. In 1378 the sheriff reported that the town was so impoverished by pestilence, hostile invasions and intolerable payments made to the king’s progenitors that it was almost uninhabited and wholly wasted. A similar complaint was preferred in 1401 in consequence of which the fifteenth and tenth amounting to £12 was for the three years ensuing reduced to 50s. The charter of incorporation granted in 1589 provided for a mayor, recorder and steward and a council of twenty capital burgesses and four aldermen. Under it the mayor and burgesses were to enjoy the liberties of infangenethef, utfangenethef, sake, soke, toll, team, thefbote, backberindthef and ordelf; also freedom from toll passage, pontage, murage, fletage, picage, anchorage, stallage, lastage and tollage of Horngeld throughout England except in London; they were, moreover, to be entitled in respect of their markets to pontage, keyage, &c. The assize of bread and ale and wine and view of frank pledge were also granted and a court of pie powder was to regulate certain specified fairs.. In 1835 the number of aldermen was increased to six. From 1295 to 1885 Truro enjoyed separate parliamentary representation, returning two members. The charter of 1589 provided that the burgesses should have power by means of the common council to elect them. Such was the procedure from 1589 to 1832 when the burgesses recovered the privilege. Under the Redistribution of Seats Act of 1885 the representation of Truro was merged in the county. No fairs or markets are mentioned prior to 1589 when two markets, on Saturdays and Wednesdays, were provided, also three fairs. Both markets and two of the three fairs are held.
See Victoria County History: Cornwall; Canon, Donaldson, Bishopric of Truro (1902).
TRUSS (from O. Fr. trusser, trosser, torser, trouser, to pack,
bind, gird up, Low Lat. torliare, formed from tortus, twisted,
torquers, to twist; cf. “ torch ” and “ trousers, ” also trousseau,
a bride’s outfit, literally a small pack or bundle), a pack or
bundle, applied specifically to a quantity of hay or straw tied
together in a bundle. A truss of straw contains 36 ℔, of old
hay 56 ℔, of new hay 60 ℔. A load contains 36 trusses. The
term is also used generally of a supporting frame or structure,
especially in the construction of a roof or a bridge. It is thus
used as the name of a surgical appliance, a belt with an elastic
spring keeping in place a pad used as a support in cases of
hernia (q.v.).
TRUST COMPANY, the name given to a form of fiduciary corporation, originally adopted
in the United States under state laws to accomplish financial objects not specially provided for under the national banking system. The function which gives a trust company its name is to execute trusts for individuals, estates and corporations. In the United States, however, these functions have been extended to include many of those of commercial banks receiving deposits payable on
demand and subject to check. The relations between trust companies and their depositors are based, however, upon different principles from those between the bank and its client (see Banks and Banking). The larger trust companies prefer deposit accounts which, even when subject to check, are not actively drawn upon. The fact that they pay interest on such deposits absolves them from the obligation to extend accommodation by way of loans, except upon collateral security. Hence out of the difference in their relations with depositors grows a difference in the character of their investments, which are usually in loans on stock exchange securities and not on commercial paper discounted. In New York they are prohibited from directly discounting commercial paper, but not from buying it. The rate of interest paid on demand deposits is usually
