British interests in the United States, and he published The World in the Crucible (1915) and The World for Sale (1916). Amongst his later works of fiction are The Judgment House (1913); The Money Master (1915); Wild Youth and Another (1919) and No Defence (1920). He retired from Parliament in 1918 and did not seek reelection.
PARKER, HORATIO WILLIAM (1863–1919), American composer and musician, was born at Auburndale, Mass., Sept. 15 1863. His talent for composition manifested itself early; before he was 15, for example, in less than two days he set to music the verses in Kate Greenaway’s Under the Window. He studied first in Boston, but later attended for three years the Royal Conservatory in Munich. After his return to America in 1885 he was for two years professor of music in the Cathedral School of St. Paul in Garden City, Long Island. From 1888 to 1893 he was organist of Trinity church, New York City, and from 1893 to 1901 organist of Trinity church, Boston. In 1894 he was appointed professor of the theory of music at Yale. Cambridge University bestowed on him the degree of Mus. Doc. in 1902. Before leaving New York City he had completed his oratorio, Hora Novissima, which was widely performed in America. It was also given in England in 1899 at Chester and at the “Three Choirs” festival at Worcester, the latter an honour never before paid an American composer. While carrying out the duties of his position at Yale he composed much. His opera Mona (libretto by Brian Hooker) won the Metropolitan Opera Company’s $10,000 prize in 1911, and in 1914 his opera Fairyland (also with Hooker) was awarded another prize of the same amount offered by the National Federation of Women's Clubs. His cantata Morven and the Grail was written in 1915 for the centenary celebration of the Handel and Haydn Society of Boston. His other works include the cantatas King Trojan and The Kobolds, the oratorios St. Christopher and A Wanderer’s Psalm, besides numerous sacred and secular pieces. He died at Cedarhurst, Long Island, Dec. 18 1919.
PARKER OF WADDINGTON, ROBERT JOHN PARKER, Baron (1857–1918), English lawyer and lord of appeal, was born at Claxby Rectory, Alford, Lines., Feb. 25 1857. He was educated at Eton and King’s College, Cambridge, where he took his degree in 1880. In 1883 he was called to the bar and built up a large and important connexion, largely dealing with Government work. In 1900 he was appointed junior counsel to the Treasury, and was raised to the bench in 1906. As a judge he earned a high reputation for great shrewdness and learning, and in 1913 was made a lord of appeal in ordinary, being at the same time given a life peerage over the heads of the five sitting lords justices. In 1916 a special second division of the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council was constituted for dealing with Prize Court appeals, and over this Lord Parker presided until within a short time of his death at Haslemere July 12 1918.
PARKIN, SIR GEORGE ROBERT (1846–), British educationalist (see 20.831), published in 1912 The Rhodes Scholarships, an account of his work as organizing representative of the Rhodes Trust (see 23.257). He was knighted in 1920. He retired from the secretaryship of the Rhodes Trust in 1921, being succeeded first by Sir Edward Grigg, and then, on the appointment of the latter to be private secretary to Mr. Lloyd George, by Mr. Geoffrey Dawson, formerly (1912–9) editor of The Times.
PARMOOR, CHARLES ALFRED CRIPPS, 1st Baron (1852–), English lawyer, was born at West Ilsley, Berks., Oct. 3 1852, the son of Henry William Cripps, Q.C. He was educated at Winchester and New College, Oxford, where he had a distinguished career. He was called to the bar of the Middle Temple in 1877, in 1890 became a Q.C. and in 1893 a bencher. In 1895 he was appointed attorney-general to the Prince of Wales (being reappointed in 1901 and 1912). He sat as Conservative member for the Stroud division of Glos. 1895–1900, for the Stretford division of Lanes. 1901–6 and for the Wycombe division of Bucks. 1910–4. In 1908 he was made K.C.V.O. Sir Alfred Cripps was well known as a strong High-churchman. He was appointed chancellor and vicar-general to the province of York in 1900 and vicar-general to the province of Canterbury in 1902. He was chairman of the Canterbury House of Laymen and a member of its committee in 1910, and chairman of the House of Laity in the National Church Assembly of 1920. In 1914 he was appointed a member of the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council and raised to the peerage, and in 1917 he became treasurer of the Middle Temple. He was the author of two important works, Law of Compensation (1881, 5th ed., 1905), and Law Relating to the Church (6th ed., 1886).
PARRATT, SIR WALTER (1841–), English organist, was born at Huddersfield Feb. 10 1841. He was educated privately and at College School, Huddersfield. After some years as organist and choirmaster to various churches, he became in 1872 organist of Magdalen College, Oxford, and in 1882 organist of St. George’s Chapel, Windsor. From 1908 to 1918 he was professor of music at Oxford, and in 1916 was appointed dean of the faculty of music in London University. He was knighted in 1892, was created M.V.O. in 1901, and C.V.O. in 1917. He wrote various important articles on musical subjects for Grove’s Dictionary of Music, and other works.
PARRY, SIR CHARLES HUBERT HASTINGS, Bart. (1848–1918), English composer (see 20.865), retired from his professorship at Oxford in 1908. He acted during the World War as chairman of the Music in Wartime Committee, and did much to relieve the prevailing distress among poorer musicians. He died at Rustington Oct. 7 1918, and was buried in St. Paul’s cathedral.
PARSONS, ALFRED (1847–1920), English painter, was born at Beckington, Som., Dec. 2 1847. He was educated privately, and in 1865 entered the General Post-Office as a clerk, but after two years his taste for painting decided him to adopt an artistic career. He was preeminently a painter of flowers and gardens. He was also interested in the designing of gardens, and was a judge at the Chelsea flower show. His picture of an orchard, “When Nature Painted All Things Gay,” was purchased by the Chantrey fund in 1887, and he was a frequent exhibitor not only at the Royal Academy but at the Grosvenor and New Gallery exhibitions. Among the various special exhibitions held of his work was one of scenes from the Warwickshire Avon (1885). As an illustrator Parsons took a very high place, much of his work appearing in Harper’s Magazine, while among the books he illustrated are She Sloops to Conquer, Herrick’s Poems (with E. A. Abbey), and The Danube, from the Black Forest to the Black Sea (with F. D. Millet). He died at Broadway, Worcs., Jan. 16 1920.
PARSONS, SIR CHARLES ALGERNON (1854–), British engineer, was born in London June 13 1854, the fourth son of the 3rd Earl of Rosse. He was educated privately and at St. John’s College, Cambridge, graduating 11th wrangler in 1876, and being elected in later life (1904) an hon. fellow of the college. In 1877 he entered the Armstrong Works at Elswick, having previously worked as a boy in his father’s workshops at Birr Castle, King’s co., Ireland, where the Rosse telescope was constructed (see 23.745). In 1883 he served for a year on the experimental staff of Messrs. Kitson of Leeds, and in 1884 entered into partnership with Messrs. Clarke Chapman & Co. of Gateshead. The partnership was dissolved in 1889, and Charles Parsons, whose invention of the Parsons steam-turbine was bringing him into continually greater prominence in connexion with the progress of shipbuilding, then built his own works at Heaton, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, for the making of steam-turbines, dynamos, searchlight reflectors and other electrical apparatus (see 25.845 seq.). Besides his chairmanship of C. A. Parsons & Co., he became managing director of several electric supply companies, notably at Newcastle, Scarborough and Cambridge, and also of the Marine Steam Turbine Co. which became the Parsons Marine Steam Turbine Co. of Wallsend-on-Tyne, owners of the turbine patents, with ramifications throughout the engineering world. He was elected F.R.S. in 1898, won the Royal Society’s Rumford Medal in 1902, was president of the Institute of Marine Engineers 1905–6 and of the British Association 1919–20. In 1911 he was created K.C.B. During the World War Sir Charles
