rhinoceros as far as the Alps and the Pyrenees. A straight-tusked elephant abounded in Italy, and is found through France and Britain as far north as Yorkshire, being very generally associated with a southern form of rhinoceros, the small-nosed species of Professor Owen. The gigantic Cave-bear (Fig. 23) haunted the caves of Italy, France, and Britain, as well as those of Germany; while the Irish elk fell a prey to the hyænas in all these countries, and was found as far to the east as the mountains of the Altai. The pigmy hippopotamus, on the other hand (H. Pentlandi), like the living dwarf species of Africa, has a comparatively restricted range, being found in Sicily, Malta, and Crete, and on the mainland of the Peloponnese at Megalopolis.
These groups of animals, man being omitted, stand to each other in the following relation:—
Survivals from Pleiocene—
Living species ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ | 1 |
Extinct ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ | 7 |
New Living Species—
Temperate ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ | 34 |
Northern ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ | 8 |
Of Mountains ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ | 4 |
Of Hot Countries ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ | 8 |
New Extinct Species ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ | 15 |
——
Total ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ | 77 |
Evidence from Distribution of Animals as to European Geography.
This remarkable association of animals in Pleistocene Europe, some of which are now only alive in widely
