kuni called on him in person to extend his congratulations and to shower him with presents.
Before his death Chu Chih-yü left instructions that his body should not be returned to China so long as the Manchus ruled, and so he was buried at the foot of Mt. Zuiryū in Hitachi. He lived frugally and saved much of his stipend in the vain hope of using the money to restore the Ming dynasty. At his death he left to his prince the sum of 3,000 gold ryō. He was privately given the posthumous name, Bunkyō sensei 文恭先生. Mitsukuni also enshrined a tablet at Komagome 駒込 to his memory, and there Chu Chih-yü was remembered on succeeding anniversaries of his death. Mitsukuni, styling himself a pupil (門人), collected his manuscripts and edited them into 28 chüan under the title 朱舜水先生文集 Shu Shunsui sensei bunshū which was printed in 1715 and was known as the Mito edition, being more complete than an earlier one in 10 chüan, entitled 朱徵君集 Shu Chō-kun shū, which was printed in 1683 and was known as the Kaga edition. Until the close of the last century Chu Chih-yü was but little known in China. But during the last decades of the Ch'ing dynasty Chinese students in Japan, kindled with revolutionary spirit, were encouraged by the writings of this self-exiled scholar, especially by the Yang-chiu shu-lüeh. A Chinese edition of his collected works, entitled 舜水遺書 Shun-shui i-shu, appeared in 1913.
[1/505/13a; 6/35/2a; 舜水先生文集 Shunsui sensei bunshū 28; 先哲叢談 Sentetsu sōdan II; Inouye Tetsujirō 井上哲次郎, 日本朱子學派之哲學 Nihon Shushi-gaku-ha no tetsugaku, pp. 149–64, 809–20; Tokutomi Iichirō 德富豬一郎, 近世日本國民史, 德川幕府 Kinsei Nihon kokumin shi, Tokugawa-bakufu I, 下/385–90, 548–71; Tsuji Zennosuke 辻善之助, 海外交通史話 Kaigai kōtsū shi-wa, pp. 660–50; Mito Shōkō-kan 水戶彰考館, 朱舜水記事纂錄 Shu Shunsui kiji sanroku (1914); Shu Shunsui kinenkai 朱舜水記念會, 朱舜水 Shu Shunsui (1912); Nagata Gonjirō 永田權次郎, 德川三百年史 Tokugawa Sanbyaku-nen shi (1905); Aoyama Enwu 青山廷于, 文苑遺談 Bun-en i-dan (1856) 2; Liang Ch'i-ch'ao (see under T'an Ssŭ-t'ung) 近三百年中國學術史 Chin san-pai nien Chung-kuo hsüeh-shu shih (1926) pp. 129–134 and 飲氷室文集 Yin-ping shih wên-chi (1915) 67/23b; Ch'üan Tsu-wang [q. v.], Chi-ch'i t'ing chi wai-pien (1776) 4/17a; Journal of the Chekiang Provincial Library III, no. 2, with portrait; Clement, E. W., "The Tokugawa Princes of Mito", and "Chinese Refugees of the Seventeenth Century" in the Transactions of the Asiatic Society of Japan (1889) XVIII, pp. 1–23 (1896) XXIV, pp. 12–40; Hummel, A. W., Report of the Librarian of Congress, 1930–31, pp. 265–67.]
CHU I-hai 朱以海 (T. 巨川), July 6?, 1618–1662, Oct. 28?, fifth son of Chu Shou-yung 朱壽鏞 (the eleventh Prince of Lu 魯王), was a descendant in the tenth generation of the first emperor of the Ming dynasty. In 1633 he was given the title Chên-kuo Chiang-chün 鎮國將軍, and on March 23, 1644, he became the thirteenth Prince of Lu, succeeding his brother, Chu I-p'ai 朱以派, who committed suicide (1642) when the Manchus attacked his princedom at Yenchow, Shantung. After Peking fell to Li Tzŭ-ch'êng [q. v.] on April 25, 1644, Chu I-hai abandoned Yenchow and went to south China. On June 19, 1644, Chu Yu-sung [q. v.] was enthroned at Nanking and Chu I-hai was ordered (1645) to station himself at T'ai-chou (present Lin-hai), Chekiang. When Nanking was taken by the Manchus (June 8, 1645), Ming loyalists of Chekiang straightway begged Chu I-hai to continue the cause by assuming the title "administrator of the realm" 監國. Among those who so urged him were Chang Huang-yen, Chang Ming-chên [qq. v.], Hsiung Ju-lin, Sun Chia-chi, Ch'ien Su-yüeh (for these see under Huang Tsung-hsi), Chang Kuo-wei 張國維 (玉笥, 其四, 九一, 止庵, 1594–1645, chin-shih of 1622), Chêng Tsun-ch'ien 鄭遵謙 (T. 履恭), and Huang Pin-ch'ing (see under Chang Ming-chên). After some time, on August 19, 1645, Chu I-hai assented to their appeal that he assume the title, and upon the invitation of Chang Kuo-wei, proceeded to Shaohsing, Chekiang, where a temporary court was established. Meanwhile Chu Yü-chien [q. v.] was proclaimed emperor at Foochow (August 18, 1645) and sent Liu Chung-tsao 劉中藻 (T. 薦叔, chin-shih of 1640, d. 1649), to demand the allegiance of Chu I-hai, whose supporters, however, refused to comply.
For the first few months after the establishment of his court Chu I-hai was able to consolidate his position with the aid of troops under the command of Chang Kuo-wei who recovered for him Fu-yang and Yü-ch'ien (both in Chekiang), and on December 1, 1645, pushed the Manchu forces back to the northern bank of the Ch'ien-
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