the Manchu cause. K'ung even proposed to release Ch'ü if he would submit to tonsure as a Buddhist monk and so, in a sense, satisfy the Manchu requirement for shaving the head. But when a letter of rebellious intent which Ch'ü had secretly transmitted to Chiao Lien was discovered, K'ung had both executed. Chin Pao [q. v.] submitted a long memorandum to K'ung requesting permission to take care of the remains of Ch'ü and Chang, but meanwhile a disciple of Ch'ü, named Yang I 楊藝 (T. 碩甫), had the corpses interred.
During their confinement of forty-one days the two unfortunate men wrote a number of poems which were published under the title 浩氣吟 Hao-ch'i yin. Ch'ü's collected works, entitled 瞿忠宣公集 Ch'ü Chung-hsüan kung chi, in 10 chüan, consisting of memorials, poems, and letters, were first published by Li Chao-lo [q. v.] in 1835 and were reprinted in 1887. The Ming court conferred on him the posthumous name, Wên-chung 文忠 and Emperor Kao-tsung, the name Chung-hsüan 忠宣 (1776).
[M.1/280/9a; M.3/260/9a; M.36/7/1a; M.41/17/21b; M.59/28/1a; M.64/辛9/2a; 鹿樵紀聞 Lu ch'iao chi-wên (in 痛史) 卷下/14b; Wang Fu-chih [q. v.], Yung-li shih-lu 2/1a; 行在陽秋 Hsing-tsai yang-ch'iu 上/46b in 明季稗史彙編 Ming-chi pai-shih hui-pien for date of birth of Ch'ü Shih-ssŭ; 明季南略 Ming-chi nan-lüeh 12/7a, 13/1b, 15/3a; 常昭合志稿 Ch'ang-Chao ho chih kao (1904) 25/21a, 25/56b, 44/13b; Kwangsi t'ung-chih (1801) 252/13a; Ssŭ-k'u 子/雜志9; Ch'ü Chung-hsüan kung chi with portrait (1887) in Library of Congress; Fr. Von Jäger, "Die Letzten Tage Des Kü Schï-sï, Sinica VIII (1933) 197–207; P. Pelliot, "Michel Boym", T'oung Pao (1934) 95–151.]
CH'Ü Ta-chün 屈大均 (T. 翁山, 泠君, 介子, H. 華夫, 羅浮山人), Oct. 10, 1630–1696, poet, came from a family which for generations had lived in the district of P'an-yü (Canton). His father, Ch'ü I-yü 屈宜遇 (T. 原楚, 澹足, d. 1650), was adopted and brought up by a family in the neighboring district of Nan-hai and used the surname of that family, which was Shao 邵. Since Ch'ü Ta-chün was born in Nan-hai in the Shao family he, too, used that surname until he was sixteen sui. In 1645 he became a licentiate of the district school of Nan-hai, under the name, Shao Lung 邵龍 (later also written 紹隆, H. 非池). In that year he and his father went to their ancestral home in Sha-t'ing 沙亭 (in the district of P'an-yu) and formally returned to the Ch'ü family, making use henceforth of the surname Ch'ü.
For a time Ch'ü Ta-chün studied under Ch'ên Pang-yen (see under Ch'ên Kung-yin). When Ch'ên Pang-yen died, in 1647, a martyr to the Ming cause, Ch'ü lost all interest in the competitive examinations. In 1649 he went to Chao-ch'ing, Kwangtung, to join the Court of the Ming Prince of Kuei (see under Chu Yu-lang), and was recommended for a secretarial post, but late in that year his father took seriously ill and he returned home. On January 6, 1650 his father died. Two months later when the Manchu forces under Shang K'o-hsi [q. v.] besieged Canton, the Prince of Kuei fled from Chao-ch'ing to Kwangsi. Sensing the hopelessness of the Ming cause, Chü Ta-chün entered the Buddhist priesthood under the high priest, Han-shih 函是 (T. 麗中, H. 天然, 1608-1685), who was also the teacher of Chin Pao [q. v.]. Ch'ü was given the monastic name, Chin-chung 今種 (T. 一靈, H. 騷餘), and styled his dwelling Ssŭ-an 死庵, "Retreat of the Dead." In 1656 he met Chu I-tsun [q. v.] at Canton and they became intimate friends. Later in the same year Ch'ü travelled to Kiangsu and Chekiang where he made the acquaintance of local scholars and also visited the famous Ch'i family library at Shaohsing, Chekiang (see under Ch'i Piao-chia). After Chu I-tsun's return to Chekiang (1658), he was often visited by Ch'ü and introduced the latter to many of his friends. In 1658 Ch'ü went to Peking and there wept at the sight of the tree on which the last Ming emperor hanged himself (see under Chu Yu-chien).
About this time (1659) Ch'ü Ta-chün experienced a mental change, for he began to repudiate the Buddhist way of life and lived as a layman. When he came south to Shaohsing in 1660 he found that some of his benefacters (members of the Ch'i family) were under arrest for communicating with Chêng Ch'êng-kung [q. v.] before and during the latter's invasion of Kiangsu in 1659 (see under Chang Huang-yen). Ch'ü himself was possibly involved, for he went into hiding in western Chekiang. In 1665 he went to Shansi and Shensi where in 1666 he established friendship with Wang Hung-chuan 王宏僎 (T. 山史, H. 無異) and with Li Yin-tu 李因篤 (T. 子德, H. 天生, 1631–1692). In the same year (1666)
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