these biographies is that of the above-mentioned Frederick T. Ward.
Fêng Kuei-fên was an admirer of Ku Yen-wu [q. v.] and was one of those who regularly paid respects to that scholar at his shrine in Peking (see under Chang Mu). He was also a good calligrapher and was skilled in the chuan and the li styles. According to his biographers, he was austere and exacting in his behavior and shunned even the most simple enjoyments. His name was enshrined posthumously at Soochow. His eldest son, Fêng Fang-ch'i 馮芳緝 (T. 熙臣, H. 升芷, 申之, 穉林, b. 1833, chin-shih of 1868), was one of those who completed the Soochow-fu chih. He later became a Maritime Customs Taotai.
[1/491/17a; 2/73/43a; 5/18/17a; Ch'ou-jên chuan (see under Juan Yüan) 1935 ed. vol. 11, pp. 806–9 (supplement); Wu-hsien chih (1933) 66/下/31a, 43b; Hsien-chih t'ang kao, passim, especially appendix; 江蘇省減賦全案 Chiang-su shêng chien fu ch'üan-an (1866); Huang Ts'ui-po 黃淬伯, 七十年前之維新人物馮景亭 in Quarterly Review of the Sun Yat-sen Institute for Advancement of Culture and Education, vol. IV, no. 3 (1937).]
FÊNG P'u 馮溥 (T. 孔博, 易齋), 1609–1692, Jan.–Feb., official, was a native of I-tu, Shantung. A chin-shih of 1646, he became a compiler of the Hanlin Academy three years later. In 1670 he was made president of the Board of Punishments and in the following year a Grand Secretary. In 1673 he was appointed one of the director-generals for the compilation of the "veritable records", or shih-lu, of T'ai-tsung (see under Abahai). In that same year, as well as later in 1679, he was chief examiner of the metropolitan examinations. When the special examination known as po-hsüeh hung-tz'ŭ was given in 1679 (see under P'êng Sun-yü) he was one of the four readers, or yüeh-chüan kuan 閱卷官, who were asked to judge the papers. Appreciative of the talents of younger men and eager to encourage them, he was instrumental in getting several to try in the examination. After 1670 he repeatedly asked permission to retire on account of old age, but the request was not granted until 1682. In the winter of that year the Shih-lu of T'ai-tsung was completed, and in recognition of that achievement he was given the title of Grand Tutor of the Heir Apparent. He died at the age of eighty-three (sui) and received the official posthumous title, Wên-i 文毅.
During his official career Fêng P'u memorialized the throne on many valuable administrative reforms concerning the judiciary, taxation, and the storage of grain against famine years. In 1667 he re-established the orphanage, Yü-ying t'ang 育嬰堂, in the southeast corner of the south city of Peking. This institution was first set up by Chin Chih-chün [q. v.] but it was only through the efforts of Fêng P'u that it was firmly established. It was designated as a model by an imperial edict of 1724, and the provinces were ordered to found similar institutions. Fêng P'u built a garden adjacent to it, which on account of its numerous willow trees, was called Wan-liu t'ang 萬柳堂, or "The Hall of a Myriad Willows". In this retreat he used to receive scholars and hold literary gatherings. Famous literary men of the time, such as Mao Ch'i-ling, Chu I-tsun, and Ch'ên Wei-sung [qq. v.], have left essays concerning the place.
The collected works of Fêng P'u, entitled 佳山堂集 Chia-shan t'ang chi, 10 chüan, were printed in the K'ang-hsi period. A supplement in 9 chüan appeared under the title, Chia-shan t'ang êr (二) chi.
[2/7/38a; 3/3/33a; 4/11/22a; 7/3/14b; Nien-p'u 年譜 of Fêng P'u in Mao Ch'i-ling's [q. v.] Hsi-ho ho-chi; 益都縣圖志 I-tu hsien t'u-chih (1907) 37/1a; Jih-hsia chiu-wên k'ao (see under Chu I-tsun) 56/5a, 8b; Ssŭ-k'u, 181/12a.]
FÊNG Têng-fu 馮登府 (T. 雲[芸]伯, H. 柳東, 勺園主人), Feb. 1.2, 1783–1841, Dec. 7, scholar, was a native of Kashing, Chekiang. He became a licentiate when he was twenty sui and a chü-jên in 1818. In 1820, he obtained his chin-shih degree and was made a bachelor of the Hanlin Academy. Four years later (1824) he was appointed magistrate of Chiang-lo, Fukien, but after serving only seventy-five days was forced to return home on account of the illness of his mother. About the year 1829, Sun Êr-chun 孫爾準 (T. 萊甫, H. 平叔, 戒庵, 1770–1832), governor-general of Fukien and Chekiang (1825–32), invited him to Foochow where he engaged in the compilation of a gazetteer of the salt administration in Fukien—a work that was printed in 1830 in 22 chüan under the title Fukien yen-fa chih (鹽法志). In the same year he participated in the compilation of the Fukien t'ung-chih (see under Ch'ên Shou-ch'i).
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