However, Abunai was accused of being disrespectful to the Emperor and was imprisoned at Mukden in 1669. Burni succeeded to the princedom, but secretly plotted to free his father. In April 1675, while Emperor Shêng-tsu was attending to the rebellion of Wu San-kuei [q. v.], Burni rose in arms and led his men toward Mukden. Emperor Shêng-tsu immediately sent Oja (see under Dodo) and Tuhai [q. v.] to suppress this rebellion. Burni was defeated on May 15 and was waylaid and killed by Sajin 沙津, a grandson of Aoba and prince of the Korcin Mongols. Burni's father, Abunai, was put to death by strangling, other members of the family being executed. Burni's remains, however, were permitted to be interred near the tomb of his mother, Makata, who was an aunt of Emperor Shêng-tsu.
[1/220/4a; Ch'ing lieh-ch'ao Hou-fei chuan-kao (see bibl. under Su-shun); Ch'ing Huang-shih ssŭ-p'u (see under Fu-lung-an); Howorth, History of the Mongols; Ch'i Yün-shih [q. v.], Huang-ch'ao Fan-pu yao-lüeh; Lattimore, Owen, The Mongols of Manchuria (1934), chap. 12.]
HSIAO Yung-tsao 蕭永藻, d. 1729 age 86 (sui), official, belonged to the Chinese Bordered White Banner, his father, Hsiao Yang-yüan 蕭養元, being a captain. Hsiao Yung-tsao was made a clerk at the Board of Punishments and in 1677 a secretary of the Grand Secretariat. After a number of promotions he was made governor of Shun-t'ien-fu in 1695, and in January 1697 governor of Kwangtung. His administration appears to have been honest but not entirely successful. In January 1701 the governor of Kwangsi, P'êng P'êng [q. v.], was sent to take his place and he was transferred to Kwangsi. Soon thereafter an imperial edict was issued instructing him to follow the good example of his predecessor in the conduct of government, and to be more careful than before in the choice of subordinates. In 1706 he was transferred to the post of junior vice-president of the Board of War, and after other promotions was made, in the following year, president of that Board. In 1710 he was transferred to the presidency of the Board of Civil Office and in January 1711 was made a Grand Secretary. In 1717 he became concurrently a member of the Council of Princes and High Officials (議政處). When Yin-chên [q. v.] ascended the throne in the last days of 1722 he lost no time in sending Hsiao to the undesirable post of custodian of the Imperial Mausolea at Ma-lan yü 馬蘭峪, seventy-five miles northeast of Peking; and in January 1728, on a charge of laxness in performing his duties, deprived him of his office and titles but required him to continue his residence and services at the mausolea. A reason for this treatment may be seen in the charge, contained in the imperial order of impeachment, that Hsiao had encouraged Yin-t'i [禵, q.v.], fourteenth son of Emperor Shêng-tsu—indicating that he was involved in the difficulties over the succession which disturbed the later K'ang-hsi period. He died early in 1729.
[1/273/7b; 2/12/47b; 3/12/24a; 11/27/1a; Pa-ch'i t'ung-chih (see under Li Fu) 202/13a.]
HSIEH Chang-t'ing 謝章鋌 (T. 枚如, H. 樂階退叟), Dec. 28, 1820–1903, poet, scholar, essayist, was a native of Ch'ang-lo, Fukien, a descendant of a literary family. He was sickly as a child. His mother died when he was two years old, and he was brought up by his stepmother. In his early years he was taught by his grandfather. He acquired a wide knowledge, and owing to the stimulus he received during the first Anglo-Chinese war (see under Lin Tsê-hsü) he was interested in political and economic subjects. He spent nearly forty years in preparing for and competing in the various examinations—becoming a senior licentiate in 1849, a chü-jên in 1864, and finally, at the age of fifty-eight (sui), a chin-shih (1877). During this time he made his living by teaching the children of his friends, by serving as a secretary to officials, and by lecturing in various Academies. Following are some of the Academies he directed before he became a chin-shih: Fêng-têng Shu-yüan 豐登書院 in T'ung-chou, and Kuan-hsi (關西) Shu-yüan in T'ung-kuan (both in Shensi, 1869–70); and Tan-hsia (丹霞) Shu-yüan and Chih-shan (芝山) Shu-yüan, both in Chang-chou, Fukien (1872–77).
After becoming a chin-shih Hsieh was appointed a secretary of the Grand Secretariat. Probably finding the post irksome or lacking in prospects, he returned to Fukien and resumed his teaching at the Academies in Chang-chou. In the meantime he also served on the secretarial staff of the arsenal near Foochow (see under Shên Pao-chên). In 1883 he went to Kiangsi to join the staff of the commissioner of education, Ch'ên Pao-ch'ên 陳寶琛 (T. 敬嘉, H. 伯潛,
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