the production of a work on the Classic of Filial Piety, entitled Hsiao-ching yen-i (see under Fu-lin and Yeh Fang-ai). In the following year he committed an error in drafting an imperial rescript to a memorial that had been sent from the provinces. Realizing his mistake, he attempted by altering a label to shift the responsibility to a colleague, Tu Li-tê [q. v.]. When the truth became known, he was dismissed, and thereafter made his home in Nanking for twelve years. Nevertheless, Emperor Shêng-tsu was grateful to Hsiung for having helped him in his early education, and when the Emperor made tours through Nanking (1684, 1689) he received him gracefully.
In 1688 Hsiung was recalled to the post of president of the Board of Ceremonies. In the winter of that year his mother died. After the completion of the prescribed period of mourning he was appointed in 1692 president of the Board of Civil Office. In 1699 he was again made Grand Secretary and concurrently a director for the compilation of the P'ing-ting shuo-mo fang lüeh, an official account of the campaigns against the Eleuths (see under Chang Yü-shu), and of the History of the Ming Dynasty (Ming-shih). In Court politics he sided with Hsü Ch'ien-hsüeh and Songgotu [qq. v.] against Mingju, Li Kuang-ti [qq. v.] and others. Allowed in 1703 to retire on grounds of old age, he nevertheless was ordered to remain in the capital for occasional advice. Two years later he returned to Nanking where he died in 1709 at the age of seventy-five (sui). The posthumous name Wên-tuan 文端 was conferred on him in that same year, and the honor of being included in the Temple of Eminent Statesmen, in the Yung-chêng period. Five times he was examiner in the Metropolitan Examinations, once as an assistant in 1673, and four times (in 1694, 1697, 1700 and 1703) as Examiner in Chief. Moreover, in 1691 he had charge of the military examinations.
As a philosopher Hsiung Tz'ŭ-li was a strict follower of the Ch'êng-Chu (Ch'êng Hao and Chu Hsi) Neo-Confucian school and made strenuous efforts to prove the doctrines of the Lu-Wang (Lu Chiu-yüan and Wang Yang-ming) school unorthodox. In his sketches of the lives of famous philosophers from Confucius down, entitled 學統 Hsüeh-t'ung or "Schools of Learning," he placed the latter in the class of Tsa-hsüeh 雜學, or promiscuous thinkers. This work, comprising 56 chüan, was first printed in 1685. The literary works of Hsiung Tz'ŭ-li appear in two collections: 經義齋集 Ching-i chai chi in 18 chüan, first printed in 1690; and 澡修堂集 Tsao-hsiu t'ang chi in 16 chüan comprising his writings from the year 1691 to 1703. Both titles refer to his two studios which were so named by Emperor Shêng-tsu. The Imperial Catalogue (see under Chi Yün) gives notice to five of his works, although none were copied into the Ssŭ-k'u Manuscript Library. After his retirement he continued to labor on a Draft History of the Ming Dynasty which was later presented to the throne, but was never made public by the government, being perhaps regarded as unsatisfactory. Comments on it by a contemporary, Wang Ching-ch'i [q. v.], are very unfavorable.
Hsiung Tz'ŭ-li had three sons: Hsiung Chih-i 熊志伊 (b. 1676), a son-in-law of Yü Kuo-chu (see under Kuo Hsiu), who suffered from spells of insanity; Hsiung Chih-ch'i 熊志契 (b. 1708) who was made a junior archivist in the Hanlin Academy in 1739; and Hsiung Chih-k'uei 熊志䕫 who was born in the year his father died
[11/268/3a; 3/7/19a; Hsiao-kan-hsien chih (1883) 14/16b; Ssŭ-k'u 63/5a, 97/5b, 6a, 182/6a, b; 文獻叢編 Wên-hsien ts'ung-pien nos. 9 and 11; Wang Ching-ch'i [q. v.] Hsi-chêng sui-pi; Li Kuang-ti [q. v.], Jung-ts'un yü-lu, hsü-chi 14/7b.]
HSÜ Chi-yü 徐繼畲 (T. 健男, H. 松龕), 1795–1873, official and geographer, was a native of Wu-t'ai, Shansi. His grandfather, Hsü Ching-ju 徐敬儒 (T. 東治), was a chü-jên of 1759 who held official posts in Chihli and Kiangsi. His father, Hsü Jun-ti 徐潤第 (T. 德夫, chin-shih of 1795, d. 1827), was a first class subprefect of Shih-nan-fu in Hupeh, during the years 1811–20. After his retirement, in 1820, Hsü Jun-ti devoted himself to teaching in his native place and in other districts of Shansi, such as Chin-yang, Kuo-hsien and Chieh-hsiu—being known among his pupils as Kuang-hsüan hsien-shêng 廣軒先生. After his death his writings were published (about 1831) by his son, Hsü Chi-yü, under the title 敦艮齋遺書 Tun-kên chai i-shu, 17 chüan.
Hsü Chi-yü became a chü-jên in 1813 and a chin-shih in 1826. He was selected a bachelor of the Hanlin Academy and was later made a compiler. In 1836 he was appointed a censor, in which capacity he submitted a number of constructive memorials which caused Emperor
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