when for administrative convenience Szechwan was separated from Shensi and given a governor-general for itself he was appointed to this post (1731–35), retaining concurrently his position of provincial commander-in-chief. In the last year of Emperor Shih-tsung's reign (1735), when the Miao of Kweichow revolted, Huang memorialized about the danger of a similar uprising on the Szechwan-Kweichow border. The emperor again ordered a pacific rather than violent policy. When Emperor Kao-tsung ascended the throne he abolished the governor-generalship of Szechwan, leaving Huang with the post of provincial commander-in-chief. Summoned to Peking early in 1737, Huang later (1738) was reduced to the rank of brigade-general stationed at Tientsin. In 1740 he was restored to the rank of provincial commander-in-chief and was stationed at Ku-pei-k'ou, Chihli. Thereafter, until 1753, he served as governor of Kansu (1741–48), governor-general of Liang-Kiang (Kiangsu and Kiangsi, 1749–51), and governor-general of Shensi and Kansu (1751–53). In 1753 he was again appointed governor-general of Szechwan (the post having been restored in 1748), from which region he transported grain for the relief of the distressed in a flooded area near Yangchow. Early in 1754 he became concurrently president of the Board of Civil Office, and a year later was made a Grand Secretary.
During the period of his administration in Szechwan Huang T'ing-kuei suppressed several local uprisings and constructed some irrigation works for the aid of the farmers. In 1755 he was re-instated as governor-general of Shensi and Kansu, still retaining his position of Grand Secretary. In the last four years of his life he was of value to Emperor Kao-tsung as overseer of the transport of horses to the army in the west and north, at the time the emperor was engaged in wars against the Eleuths and Mohammedans. He died of an illness while stationed at Liang-chou. The year before his death (1758) he was created Earl Chung-ch'in 忠勤伯 of the third rank, and the year after his death (1760) his portrait was hung in the Tzŭ-kuang ko (see under Chao-hui). He was canonized as Wên-hsiang 文襄, and his tablet was placed in the Temple of Eminent Statesmen. In 1784 a grandson, Huang Chien 黃撿, was severely reprimanded for printing Huang's memorials and with them the comments of Emperor Shih-tsung and Emperor Kao-tsung.
[1/329/1a; 3/17/24a; Yung-chêng Chu-p'i yü-chih (see under Yin-chên); 清代文字獄檔 Ch'ing-tai wên-tzŭ yü tang, no. 4.]
HUANG Tsun-hsien 黃遵憲 (T. 公度), 1848–1905, Mar. 28, poet and reformer, was a native of Chia-ying-chou, Kwangtung. His father, Huang Hung-tsao 黃鴻藻 (T. 雁賓, H. 逸農, chü-jên of 1855), served as acting prefect of Ssŭ-ên-fu, Kwangsi, 1889–91. In 1873 Huang Tsun-hsien became a senior licentiate and a year later went to Peking to fulfill the requirements for that grade. During 1875 he remained in the north, travelling to Tientsin and Chefoo and meeting at the latter place the diplomat, Chang Yin-huan [q. v.]. Huang Tsun-hsien became a chü-jên at the provincial examinations held in Peking in 1876 and early in the next year was appointed counselor to the Legation in Tokyo. He and the minister, Ho Ju-chang 何如璋 (T. 子峨, 1838–1891), arrived in Tokyo late in 1877. There they were highly esteemed by Japanese scholars who frequently entertained them, as reported by Wang T'ao [q. v.] who visited Japan in 1879. The year 1879 marks the beginning of Japan's expansion when she occupied part of the Loochoo Islands and had designs on Korea (see under Li Hung-chang). In 1880 Huang suggested that the Court send a resident to Korea to supervise the Korean officials or at least take charge of the country's foreign relations. Li Hung-chang [q. v.] disapproved of the idea for fear of being involved in disputes. Huang then advised the Korean government to keep in close contact with China and establish friendly relations with Japan and the United States. But his proposals were furiously attacked by the conservatives in Korea.
Although busily engaged in his social contacts with Japanese literary men, and in diplomatic affairs, Huang Tsung-hsien found time to study and to write about Japan. His "Poems About Japan", entitled 日本雜事詩 Jih-pên tsa-shih-shih, 2 chüan, are full of interesting, and at times scholarly, information. They were first printed in 1879 by the Tsung-li Yamen—the Chinese Foreign Office—and were reprinted by the author in 1885. In 1880 Huang began to compile a history of Japan, but the work was interrupted in 1882 when he was appointed consul-general at San Francisco. In 1885 his mother died and he returned home for the mourning period, and during this time he continued the history of Japan. It was completed in 1887 under the title 日本國志 Jih-pên kuo chih, 40 chüan, and
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