with the title, sub-director of the schools of a district. In the following year (1853) Tsêng Kuo-fan [q. v.] was placed in charge of all the militia of Hunan, and Lo Tsê-nan was thereafter under Tsêng's command serving as the latter's righthand man. For his success in a campaign against an uprising at Kuei-tung, Hunan, Lo was promoted to the rank of a magistrate. A few months later he was dispatched to the relief of Nanchang, Kiangsi, where he raised the siege and recaptured two other cities. For this he was raised to a first class sub-prefect. His most efficient officers in this campaign were mostly his pupils. They won the admiration of Tsêng Kuo-fan who thus came to rely much on the Hsiang Yung. For his fierce and successful attack at Yochow Lo was rewarded, in 1854, with the rank of a prefect. His movements at Hua-yüan, a village south of Wuchang, were chiefly responsible for the taking of that city in 1854. When Lo was given the appointment of an intendant in Chekiang, Tsêng Kuo-fan at once submitted a memorial to the throne requesting that since Lo was indispensable to the army he should remain at his post. Thus he continued his work in Hupeh and made startling headway in the capture of the strategic town of T'ien-chia-chên, on the Yangtze, as well as other cities in Hupeh and Kiangsi. Consequently he was raised in rank from a judicial commissioner to a lieutenant-governor. In 1855, owing to the weakness and corruption of the government forces in Hupeh, Wuchang was again lost, although Tsêng and Lo made advances in Kiangsi. Foreseeing a possible tactical blunder, Lo strongly advised Tsêng first to take Wuchang, then Kiukiang, and finally Nanking. This is regarded by later historians as one of the most important moves toward ultimate victory. Lo's proposal having been adopted, he fought desperately to lay seige to Wuchang. Unfortunately, he was mortally wounded when repelling a sortie, and died at his barracks eight months before Wuchang was recovered (see under Hu Lin-i). He was granted the posthumous name, Chung-chieh 忠節 and the minor hereditary rank of Ch'i-tu-yü which was later (1864) raised to Yün-ch'i-yü. Wuchang was finally recovered by Hu Lin-i [q. v.] in 1856.
[1/413/5b; 2/42/51b; 5/58/6a; 7/26/9a; 8/6下/1a; Kuo Sung-tao [q. v.] Yang-chih shu-wu wên-chi 19/4a; Lo Chung-chieh kung nien-p'u (1863).]
LOOSA 勞薩, d. 1641, Oct.–Nov., of the Manchu Bordered Red Banner, belonged to the division of the Gûwalgiya clan that was settled in Anculakû 安褚拉庫 at the sources of the Sungari river just north of the Long White Mountains. In 1598 Nurhaci [q. v.] sent an expedition to demand the allegiance of the Warka tribe, of which Anculakû was a part, and took Loosa and others into his service. After sharing in many of Nurhaci's campaigns Loosa was in 1629 put in charge of a company of picked troops (gabsihiyan, "stalwarts") who were to act as scouts in advance of the main army. In this position he served throughout the intensive campaigns between 1631 and 1641 against the Chahar Mongols, the Chinese, and the Koreans, receiving in 1634 the honorary title šongkoro baturu, "eagle-like conquering hero". In 1636, and again in 1638, he was accused of misconduct, but his brilliant military record shielded him from punishment. He died in the ninth moon of 1641 during a fierce battle with the Ming commander Hung Ch'êng-ch'ou [q. v.]. Loose was granted posthumously the hereditary rank of viscount of the third class and in 1655 the name Chung-i 忠毅. His son Cengni 程尼, who was elevated to the rank of earl of the first class, died in 1652 while fighting under Nikan (d. 1652, q.v.) against the Ming loyalists in Hunan.
[1/232/3b; 3/332/12a; 11/4/8b; 34/171/24b.]
LU Chien-tsêng 盧見曾 (T. 抱孫, H. 雅雨山人 and 澹園), 1690–1768, Nov. 7, scholar and official, was a native of Techow, Shantung. His father, Lu Tao-yüeh 盧道悅 (T. 喜臣), was a chin-shih of 1670. Lu Chien-tsêng himself became a licentiate at the age of fifteen sui, a chü-jên in 1711, and a chin-shih in 1721. Two years later he was appointed magistrate of Hungya, Szechwan. Subsequently he was transferred to the province of Kiangnan where he served as magistrate of Mêng-ch'êng (1730) and of Liu-an (1731–34); and as prefect of Lu-chou-fu (1735), Chiang-ning-fu (1735), and Ying-chou-fu (1735). In 1737 he became chief commissioner of the Salt Gabelle of Liang-Huai with headquarters at Yangchow, but after the lapse of a year he was, for some reason, denounced and exiled. Summoned from exile in 1744, he was in the following year made prefect of Yung-p'ing, Chihli, and then Salt Controller of Ch'ang-lu 長蘆 in the
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