Mo Yu-chih attained high rank as a bibliophile, and in the field of bibliography left three works as follows: 宋元舊本書經眼錄 Sung Yüan chiu-pên shu ching-yen lu, 3 chüan, with a supplement in 2 chüan; 郘亭知見傳本書目 Lü-t'ing chih-chien ch'uan-pên shu-mu, 16 chüan; and Ch'ih-ching chai ts'ang-shu chi-yao (see under Ting Jih-ch'ang), 2 chüan. The first, printed in 1873, is a collection of bibliographical notes on Sung and Yüan editions that came to his notice in the years 1865–69. It has a supplement in 2 chüan consisting of notes on inscriptions on stone and bronze. The second is a classified list of the books he saw—with notes on the authors, the contents, and the editions. It was first printed in Peking in 1909 by a Japanese, Tanaka Keitaro 田中慶太郎. The third is an annotated catalogue of the rare editions of Ting Jih-ch'ang's [q. v.] library that Mo Yu-chih catalogued for Ting during the years 1867–69. He left two collections of verse: Lü-t'ing shih-ch'ao (詩鈔), 6 chüan; and Lü-t'ing i-shih (遺詩), 8 chüan; and a collection of prose, Lü-t'ing i-wên (文), 8 chüan. There is a short work of his on the Shuo-wên dictionary, entitled 仿唐寫本說文解字木部箋異 Fang T'ang hsieh-pên Shuo-wên chieh-tzŭ mu-pu chien-i. He also left a brief work on versification, entitled the 韻學源流 Yün-hsüeh yüan-liu, which was not printed until 1929. His collections of prose and verse, his notes on Sung and Yüan editions, his work on the Shuo-wên, and his father's collected literary works were printed by Mo Yu-chih during his lifetime, under the collective title, 影山草堂六種 Ying-shan ts'ao-tang liu-chung.
Two of his younger brothers, Mo T'ing-chih 莫庭芝 (T. 芷升, 1817–1889) and Mo Hsiang-chih 莫祥芝 (T. 善徵, H. 抢筹, 1827–1889), were also well known in their day.
[1/491/2b; 2/69/15b; 5/79/1a; Ts'ang-shu chi-shih shih (see under P'an Tsu-yin) 6/54; Liu I-chêng, on the History of the Kuo-hsüeh shu-chü, Nanking, Kiangsu Provincial Library Annual, 3d year; 上江二縣志 Shang-Chiang êr-hsien chih (1874), 12 shang 14a.]
MU-chang-a 穆彰阿 (T. 子樸, H. 常軒, 鶴舫), 1782–1856, official, was a Manchu of the Bordered Blue Banner. His father, Kuang-t'ai 廣泰 (d. 1825), was a sub-chancellor of the Grand Secretariat. A chin-shih of 1805, Mu-chang-a was selected a bachelor of the Hanlin Academy and was later made a corrector. By quick promotion he became an expositor of the Hanlin Academy in 1809, chief supervisor of instruction in 1813, and sub-chancellor of the Grand Secretariat in 1814. In the same year (1814) he was appointed junior vice-president of the Board of Ceremonies. Early in 1816 he was degraded to an official of the third grade for suspending many legal cases during his tenure as acting junior vice-president of the Board of Punishments, but was soon restored to his former rank. During the period 1817–23, besides holding office as a vice-president in various Boards, he served concurrently as deputy lieutenant general of several Banners.
After 1820 Mu-chang-a gradually came to great power. When Emperor Jên-tsung died at Jehol (September 2, 1820) and the coffin was transported to Peking, Mu was rewarded with a promotion of one grade for his careful preparation of the road along the way. In the first year of Tao-kuang (1821) he was made a minister of the Imperial Household, and after Jên-tsung's funeral he was promoted three grades. Thereafter he served as president of the Censorate (1823), minister of the Court of Colonial Affairs (1824), and twice (1825, 1826) as acting director-general of grain transport.
Early in 1827, for his efficiency in managing public business, he was made president of the Board of Works, a post he held for six years. In the same year he became concurrently general commandant of the Peking Gendarmerie, a probationary Grand Councilor, and superintendent of the Ch'ung-wên Gate Octroi in Peking. During this time he was particularly active in the administration of the grain transport system.
In 1828 Mu-chang-a became a Grand Councilor, and in the following year, while serving concurrently as chancellor of the Hanlin Academy, he accompanied the Emperor on a journey to Mukden to visit the Imperial Tombs. Thereafter he became president of the Board of Revenue (1833–34), and was sent to Kiangnan and Hupeh to settle legal cases and to investigate flood control work. In 1834 he was transferred to the Board of Civil Appointments and early in 1835 was made an Assistant Grand Secretary. In 1836 he became a Grand Secretary and soon took the place of the powerful minister, Ts'ao Chên-yung [q. v.], who had died in 1835. In the same year (1836) he became chief tutor of the princes and in 1837 he was made chief Grand Councilor.
In the struggle with England, which at this
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