ference took place at Nerchinsk (see under Songgotu), and Sabsu commanded the guard of 1,500 men that accompanied the Chinese envoys. In accordance with the terms of the treaty Albazin was destroyed and the region on the Siberian side of the Amur River was ceded to China, at least nominally, until the Treaty of Tientsin in 1858 (see under I-shan).
Thirty-one Russians who were captured in 1683, together with one Russian refugee who had come to Peking in 1648 and several others who came to Peking in 1668, were organized into half a company under the Manchu Bordered Yellow Banner (see under Maci). Seventy more were added in the years 1684 and 1685. In the latter year a full company was created. Some of them served in Sabsu's army and were given official ranks. They were assigned a place of residence in the northeast corner of Peking and intermarried with Chinese and Manchus. Their descendants have by now lost nearly all their European characteristics. They were allowed to retain their Greek Orthodox faith, and their church in Peking was, after 1727, presided over by priests sent from Russia (see under Tulišen). Prior to that time priests had come from Siberia.
In the campaign against Galdan [q. v.] in 1696 (see under Fiyanggû), Sabsu commanded the eastern route army, composed of native Manchu soldiers, to guard the western borders of Manchuria against a possible eastward thrust of Galdan's forces from Mongolia. Since Galdan boasted of an alliance with the Russians (see under Songgotu) it is possible that Sabsu's army was stationed there to frustrate any attempt of Galdan to join the Russians at Nerchinsk. At all events Galdan was defeated by Fiyanggû and Sun Ssŭ-k'o [qq. v.], and Sabsu was ordered to return to Mergen.
As the first military governor of Heilungkiang, Sabsu established schools for the natives and preserved order among them. When Emperor Shêng-tsu made his tour of Manchuria in 1698 he granted him the hereditary rank of the sixth class (Ch'ing-ch'ê tu-yü). It was during this tour however that the Emperor was displeased with him for his excessive friendliness with the Imperial Bodyguard and others in the Emperor's favor. The Emperor also was displeased with him for neglecting to cultivate the farms that had been started by Ts'ai Yü-jung [q. v.] and for attempting to conceal this negligence by reporting a famine in 1700. In the following year Sabsu was deprived of his hereditary rank and reduced to a captain. Later he was made a junior assistant chamberlain of the Imperial Bodyguard, but died soon after.
[1/286/3b; 3/278/1a; 4/115/10b; 34/139/15a; P'ing-ting Lo-ch'a fang-lüeh and other titles in Shuo-fang pei shêng, edited by Ho Ch'iu-t'ao [q. v.]; Alexis Krause, Russia in Asia (1899), pp. 31–42; Bredon, Juliet, Peking (1922), pp. 40–42, 482–89; Heilungkiang chih-kao (志稿), 1933, chüan 30, 34, supplement 2/53a–60a; 大清會典圖 Ta-Ch'ing hui-tien t'u (1811), 91/18b; 封長白山記 Fêng Ch'ang-pai shan chi in Hsüeh-hai lei-pien, compiled by Ts'ao Jung [q. v.]; Couling, Encyclopaedia Sinica, p. 490; contemporary Chinese scroll maps in the Library of Congress picturing the fort of Aigun and the siege of Albazin; Golden, F. A., Russian Expansion on the Pacific, 1641–1850 (1914), pp. 50–56; see bibliography under Songgotu.]
SAHALIYEN 薩哈璘, d. 1636, age 33 (sui), was a member of the Imperial Family, and the third son of Daišan [q. v.]. Possessed of an education rather above the average, he began his military career by taking part in the 1625 and 1626 campaigns against Mongol tribes—the Chahar, the Barin, and the Jarut—for which in the latter year he was promoted to the rank of beile. In 1627 he was wounded at T'a-shan while fighting the Chinese in the attempt to capture the cities of Chin-chou and Ning-yüan. Two years later he was one of the leading spirits in the expedition which penetrated China from Mongolia; and after the capture of Yung-p'ing on February 15, 1630, he shared with Jirgalang [q. v.] the task of holding the city. Shortly afterwards Amin [q. v.] was sent to relieve them and Sahaliyen returned to Shêng-ching (Mukden), the capital, where in the following year he was placed in charge of the Ministry of Rites in the newly organized government. For the next five years, while carrying on the duties of his office, he was intermittently active in the war against the Ming in Shansi. At the beginning of 1636 he fell suddenly ill, and died four months later. He was posthumously given the title of Ying ch'in-wang 頴親王, and in 1671 the name of I 毅. During the Ch'ien-lung period, in 1754, he was given a place in the Temple of Eminent Princes at Shêng-ching. His second son, Lekedehun [q. v.],
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