chuan 列傳) that deal with the early years of that dynasty. Young, scholarly, and unacquainted with the ways of officialdom, he was degraded in 1684 on the charge of being "impatient and petulant". He at once resigned, and although his official title was restored in 1703, he devoted the remaining years to travel and literary pursuits. His collected essays and poems, entitled 遂初堂集 Sui-ch'u t'ang chi, in 40 chüan, printed in 1710; and a work on phonology, entitled 類音 Lei-yin, in 8 chüan, printed in 1712, received notice in the Imperial Catalogue (see under Chi Yün). In 1695 P'an Lei printed the final redaction of Ku Yen-wu's well-known miscellaneous notes entitled Jih-chih lu. About the same time he also printed a collection of ten monographs by Ku, known as T'ing-lin shih-chung (for both works see under Ku Yen-wu).
[1/489/17a; 2/71/9a; 3/118/16a; 4/45/8b; 1:132/14b; 20/1/00 with portrait; 30/2/1b; 32/3/1b; Ssŭ-k'u 44/96 and 183/7b; Lo Chên-yü 羅振玉, 雲窗漫稿 Yün-ch'uang man-kao (1920) 丁/51a; Liu Wên-chin 劉文錦, Lei-yin pa (跋), in Bulletin of the Institute of History and Philology (Academia Sinica), vol. I, part 4 (1930).]
P'AN Shih-ên 潘世恩 (T. 芝軒, H. 槐堂), Jan. 17, 1770–1854, May 16, official, was a native of Wu-hsien, Kiangsu. In 1793 he took his chin-shih degree, attaining the rank of chuang-yüan and compiler of the first class. Later (1798) he ranked first in the examination given to graduates of the Hanlin Academy. Henceforth, except for a period of eleven years (1816–27) when he retired to look after his father, he served the Empire continuously for some fifty years. He was appointed president or vice-president of five Boards: Board of Ceremonies, 1801–02; Board of War, 1802–04; Board of Revenue, 1804–06, 1813–14; Board of Civil Offices, 1806–13, 1827, 1831–33; Board of Works, 1813, 1830–31; and commissioner of education in three provinces (Yunnan, 1799–1801; Chekiang, 1804–07; Kiangsi, 1810–12). Twice he was in charge of the provincial examination at the capital (1808, 1839), and four times chief director of the Metropolitan Examination (1832, 1836, 1840, 1847). He became president of the Censorate (1827–30), director-general of the State Historiographer's Office (1833), and Grand Secretary (1833–50). In 1834 he was made a Grand Councilor of State, a post he held until 1849; in 1837, Grand Guardian of the Heir Apparent; and in 1848, Grand Tutor. When Lin Tsê-hsü [q. v.] memorialized the throne on questions of foreign policy in 1840, P'an acquiesced in most of the suggestions and immediately recommended Lin for office. In his old age P'an was highly honored at Court. The Emperor gave him in 1834 a house near the Yüan-ming Yüan (see under Hung-li), and such special privileges as riding on horseback (1829) and in a chair (1843) within the precincts of the Imperial City; wearing the yellow jacket (1846); and the use of purple bridle reins (1848). In 1850, at the age of eighty-two (sui), his request to retire was granted. After his death he was canonized as Wên-kung 文恭 and his name was entered in the Temple of Eminent Statesmen.
P'an Shih-ên belonged to a family of distinguished scholars. One uncle, P'an I-chün 潘奕雋 (T. 守愚, H. 榕皋, 水雲漫士, 三松老人, 1740–1830), a chin-shih of 1769, was a painter and author whose literary collection, entitled 三松堂詩文集 San-sung t'ang shih wên-chi, contains 20 + 6 chüan of verse and 4 chüan of prose, reprinted in 1870–72. Another uncle, P'an I-tsao 潘奕藻 (T. 思質, H. 畏堂, 1744–1815), was a chin-shih of 1784. A son of P'an I-chün, named P'an Shih-huang 潘世璜 (T. 黼堂, H. 理齋, 1764–1829), was the third ranking chin-shih, or t'an-hua 探花, of 1795, and author of a work about painting, entitled 須靜齋雲烟過眼錄 Hsü-ching chai yün-yen kuo-yen lu, 1 chüan, published in 1930 in a reprint of the Mei-shu ts'ung-shu (see under K'ung Shang-jên).
P'an Shih-ên had four sons. The eldest, P'an Tsêng-i 潘會沂 (T. 功甫, 1792–1853), a chü-jên of 1816, left literary collections which were published in 1879 under the titles 小浮山人閉門集 Hsiao-fu shan-jên pi-mên chi, 6 chüan, and 船庵集 Ch'uan-an chi, 12 chüan. The second son, P'an Tsêng-ying 潘曾瑩 (T. 申甫, H. 星齋, 1808–1878), a chin-shih of 1841, was vice-president of the Board of Works (1858–60) and a painter who left miscellaneous notes on painting and calligraphy under the titles 小鷗波館畫識 Hsiao-ou po kuan hua-chih, 3 chüan, (first printed about 1888); Hsiao-ou po kuan hua-chi (畫寄), 1 chüan; and 墨緣小錄 Mo-yüan hsiao-lu, first printed about 1858 and reprinted in 1888. These works were reprinted in the 江氏聚珍板叢書 Chiang-shih chü-chên
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