bert Piugonius (Arbor gmtilitia Sal/amine Saxoniwque Domus, 1521), Gebwiler (Epitome rcgii ac 'vetustissimi ortus Uaroli V. ct Ferdinandi I. omniumquc A rchid ucnm Austria: ct Com-itum [labs- burgcnsium, 1527), Meyer (Flanilricarum rerum to-mi X. do origine, mitiquitatc, nobilitatc, ac genealogia Comitum lf'landriar, 1531), and Du lioulay (Genealogies des tres illnstres et tres puissant: Princes lcs Dues do Lorraine, 1547). Georg Riixner’s Anfang, Urspruny, and Ilel'h'ommen dos Thurniers in Teutscher Nation (1532) was also genealogical in its character. Later in the same century several works of a much wider scope than any of the preceding appeared, the list being headed by Reineccius or Reiucck of Helmstadt, whose voluminous compilations include a Syntagma do familiis qua: in monarchiis tribusprioribus rerumpotita: sunt (4 vols. fol., 1574–80), and au II istoria Julia seu Syntagma heroicum (3 vols. fol., 1594–97); this writer was followed by Henniuges (Genealogice Saxonicar, 1587, and Theatrum genealogicum ostentans o-mnes o-m-nium a'tatu-m familias rllunarcharum, Begum, Ducum, Marchionum, Principum, Comitum, algae illustrium Iferoum ct IIcroinarum; item Philo- sophorum, Oratorum, II istoricorum guotquot a condito mundo nsque al hie: nostra tempera vixerunt, 1598), {eusncr (Opus genealogicum catholicum dc prcecipuis familiis I rnperatorum, Begum, Principu-m, Com itum, &c., 1589–92, and Stemma lVittichimle—mn, 1592), Eytziug or Aitsiugerus (Paraliponwna quibus Bavarica, Turcica, Anglica, Bolgica, ct Bohemica imperatoru'm, rcgum, dueum, marchionmn, comilum, aliorumque Europa: procerum atque heron-m stemmata contineutur, 1592), and others. In 1580 Francois de Rosieres published at Paris the Stemmata Lothuringice ac Barri ducum, in which he professed to havc proved the direct descent of the princes of Lorraine from Charlemagne; for having in this instance indulged in inconvenient as well as unscrupulous falsehood, he was arrested by the parliament of Paris, and thrown into the Bastille, from which he was not released till 1583, the book meanwhile having been suppressed. The 17th century was extraordinarily prolific in genealogical literature; in England it produced, amongst many similar works, Millcs’s Catalogue of IIonor (1610) and Dugdalc’s Baronzge (1675-76); of Continental writers the following are pro- bably the most worthy of notice :—I".mmius (Genealogia Uniz'crsalis, 16:20), Andre Duchesue (whose writings include an Histoirc Gc'néa- lngiquc dc la .llaison do .llontmorem'y et dc Laval, 1624, and an llistoirc Genealogique de la JIaison do Vergi, 1625), Pierre (1’ Ilozicr (Géne’alogie dc la .lIaison dc la It’ochifoucauld, 1654), llitters- husius (Genealogiw Imperator-um, Begum, Ducum, Uomitum, alior- unique Proccram ab anno M CCU ', 1658, and Bret-is chgcsis IIistorica gcnealogiarum prceeipuorum orbis Christiani procerum, 1674, continued by Imhotl' in the Spicilcgium Itittershusianum, 1683), Speucr (Thcavtrum nobilitatisEuroprrar, 1668, and Insignium Theoria, 1690), Lohmeicr (IIistorischc Stanuntafeln dcr kaiser- lir'hm, hijniglichcn, nndfiirstlichcn Geschlechton, 1690), Anselme dc Saintc Maric (IIistoire Généalogiquc dc la Maison de France, 1694); but these, along with those of Bucelin, Dan gran, Frangois Duchesne, Le Inboureur, Meuestricr, Morgan, are only a few of the names which during the 17th century became associated more or less worthily with this branch of research. The pedigree of the ITrquharts of Cromartie given by Sir T. Urquhart in his Promp- tuary of Time (1652) may perhaps be called an extreme specimen of the uncritical methods that characterized too much of the work of the genealogists of the period. Frill bibliographies down to this date arc given by J. F. telmmauu, Ilistoria littcraria dc fatis studii genoalogici apud II ebrieos, Gra'cos, Roma-nos, et Germanos, in gas, scriptorcs harum gontium potissimi cnumcrantur ct lotus Genoa- lngiic cursus ab orbe condito ad nostra usque tempora dcduc-itnr (1702), and Histories liltcrarioe crate-rim: ct acroamaticocparticula, 3. do libris genealogicis vulgatioribns et rarioribns comnw-ntatio; accedit disquisitio historica do mecssitato Scepticism'i in studio genoalogico (1710); also by Joli. Hiibuer, Bibliothcca genoalogica; cin Vcrzcich-niss allcr altcn u. neuen genealogischen Bite-her Ton alien A'ationcn in der lVell (1729). To the 18th century belong the Peerage (1709) and Baronctage (1720) of Collins, the Genealogischc Tabcllcn (1725-1733) of Iliibner, which in part were further eluci- dated by Leuzen (IIistorisch-gcncalogische Untersuch-lmgen and Erla'ulcrungcn dcr ersten 34 II iibnerischen Tabellen, 1756), the works of J. L. L. Gebhardi, especially his continuation of Lohmeier and Der .llohammedanischen and IIeidnischcn hohcn IIiluscr historische and gciwalogische Erliiutcrung (1731), and those of Gatterer (Hand- buch dcr Genoalogic and IIcraltlik, 1761, and Abriss der Genealogic, 1788), the latter being the first and still a useful manual upon the theory of genealogy. Of works belonging to the present century, one of the earliest was the Atlas historiquc, géne’alogique, chrono- logiguc, et géographiguc (1803—4) of Le Sage; and one of the greatest, bearing upon the general subject, was the famous Benc- dictiue L'Art do Terificr les dates (1820—38). During recent years the stricter principles of criticism which have become characteristics of all modern historical invrgtigation have made themselves felt in a very marked manner in the field of genealogical research. A wise scepticism has been increasingly shown with regard to all assertions which had not the support of adequate “diplomatic” evidence; and with the increased desire have come enlarged facilities for consulting ancient documents, either directly or by means of authentic reprints. So far as England is concerned, the improved arrangements with regard to the public records, and the various publications of the record commissioners, have brought the materials for a successful prosecution of this and cognate branches of antiquarian science within the reach of every zealous student; and although, in current Peeragos, assertions which probably had no origin but in Vanity, and certainly have no evidence except that of long unques- tioned tradition, are still perpetuated, such statements can mislead none except the very unso )histicated. The principal and almost the only sources from whic authentic family history can be drawn are such documents as the. Domesday books; the chartularies, leiger books, registers, necrologies, calendars, and chronicles of the various monasteries, records which convey both directly and indirectly a vast amount of information as to the pedigrees of founders and patrons; also the tournament and crusade rolls some- times found iu these establishments; the various sorts of Chartze Antiqum, such as title deeds and enrolments in Chancery and other courts of justice; the books and rolls which record the returns to the successive inquisitions made into the state of the “ Kuights’ Fees " which were granted at the time of the Norman Conquest; the Placita, in which are recorded decisions of parliament and other courts; the Ilotuli, including charter rolls, patent rolls, pipe rolls, and many others; thc quuisitioues post mortcm, sometimes inaccurately termed escheats; the records of heralds’ visitations; monumental inscriptions, coats of arms, seals, 82c. These sources are indicated with considerable fulncss and discrimination in Grimaldi's Origincs Gelwalogiccc, or the Sources where English Genealogies may be traced from the Conquest to the Present Time (1828), and, after him, by Sims in the filanual for the Genealogist, Topographer, Antiquarg, and Legal Professor, 1856.[1]
The earliest printed “ British Peerage ” was that of Milles, en- titled Cataloguc of Honor, published in folio in 1610; but Camden’s Britannia (1586) also contained many genealogies. Among recent works the best known are those of J. and J. B. Burke (A Genealogical and Heraldic Dictionary of the Peerage and Baronctago of the United Kingdom, 1822; 40th ed., 1877), of Lodge (The Genealogy of the Eristing British Peerage, 1832—33; 48th ed., 1879), of Dod, and of chrett ; but the number of publications (inclusive of those of the London Genealogical and Historical Society) which have been, and continue to be, issued on this attractive subject is very great. For a bibliography approaching to completeness reference may be made to the privately printcd Catalogue of lVorks on the Peerage and Baronetage of England, Scotland, and Ireland, prepared by Sir C. G. Young (1827), to Monle’s Bibliotheca JIcraldica (1822), or to Sims's llannal for Genealogists. In any list, however brief, the names of Dugdalc (The Baronago of England, 1675—76) and of Collins (A Peerage of England, 1709; The English Baronage, of which only the first volume was eVer completed, 1727) deserve a special place. The works of Sir It. Douglas on The Peerage of Scotland and The Baronage of Scotland appeared respectively in 1764 and 1796; that of John Lodge, on The Pccrage of Ireland, in 1754. On the kuightagc of Great Britain and Ireland the most accessible writers are again Burke and Dod; but the work of Sir N. II. N ieolas (A II istory of the Orders of Kn-ighthood 0f the British Empire, 4 vols. fol., 1842) is of more importance. As being some- what of an innovation in genealogical literature, Burke's work on the commoners of Great Britain and Ireland may be mentioned here (A Genealogical and Heraldic History of the Commoncrs of Grcat Britain and Ireland enjoying territorial possessions or high special rank but uninrcstcd with, heritable honours, 1833—38).
For the purposes of genealogical research in the United States of America one society at least has been formed, “ The New England Historical and Genealogical Society,” under the auspices of which an annual Register is published. Among numerous other publica- tions bearing upon this subject may be mentioned J. F. llolgate’s American Genealogy (1851), \Vhitmore’s American Genealogy (1868), \Vebster’s Genealogy (1877), and Thomas’s Genealogical Notes (1878).
was born at Berlin, September 28, 1798, and died at Weimar, November 13, 1868. He was the son of Janus
Genelli, a painter whose landscapes are still preserved in
- ↑ According to Grimaldi, in 1828 there were 294 peers, exclusive of the royal family. Of these thirty-five claimed to have traced their descent to beyond the Conquest, forty-nine to a date prior to the year 1100, twenty-nine to the 12th century, thirty-two to the 13th, twenty-six to the 14th, seventeen to the 15th, twenty-six to the 16th, and thirty to the 17th. In the case of forty-five noblemen no satisfactory conclusion could be drawn as to the commencement of their pedigree- The pedigree of the Percys is one of the most full and complete. genealogies of the kingdom. In Scotland the house of Mar is probably that which can at once carry its nobility to the remotest period (1093), and authenticate it by the best evidence.
