Lutherans, a German imitation of the French versions of the Psalms im the same metres having been published at an early date. There is little doubt that, at the time of the last-named composition, Goudimel had em braced the new faith, although the French version of the Psalms was at first used by Catholics as well as Protestants. Seven years later he fell a victim to religious fanaticism during the St Bartholomew massacres at Lyons (24th August 1572), his death, it is stated, being due to " les ennemis de la gloire de Dieu et quelques me chants envieux de 1 honneur qu il avait acquis." In addition to the collec tions already named, many of his works are preserved. Masses and motets belonging to his Roman period are found in the Vatican library, and in the archives of various churches in Rome; others were published. Thus the work entitled Jfissce tres a Claudio Goudimel prcestan-, tissimo mwsico auctore, mine primum in lucem edit<x, contains one mass by the learned editor himself, the other two being by Claudius Sermisy and Jean Maillard respectively. Another collection, La jleur des chansons des deux plus excellens musiciens de nostre temps, consists of part songs by Goudimel and Orlando di Lasso. Burney gives a motet of GoudimePs, Domine quid multiplicati sunt, in his history.
GOUGH, Hugh Gough, Viscount (1779-1869), British
field-marshal, was of Irish origin, and was a descendant
of Francis Gough, who was made bishop of Limerick in
1626. He was born at Woodstown, Limerick, November
3, 1779. After holding for a short time a commission in
his father s regiment of militia, he was transferred to the
line as ensign in August 1794, and was very soon after
promoted lieutenant. In the following year he served with
the 78th Highlanders at the Cape of Good Hope, taking
part in the capture of Cape Town and of the Dutch fleet
in Saldanha Bay. His next service was in the West Indies,
where, with the 87th (Royal Irish Fusiliers), he shared
in the attack on Porto Rico, the capture of Surinam, and
the brigand war in St Lucia. In 1809 he was called to
take part in the Peninsular War, and, joining the army
under Wellington, commanded his regiment as major in the
operations before Oporto, by which the town was taken from
the French. At Talavera he was severely wounded, and
had his horse shot under him. For his conduct on this
occasion he was afterwards promoted lieutenant-colonel, his
commission, on the recommendation of Wellington, being
antedated from the day of the duke s despatch. He was
thus, as pointed out in Harfs Army List, the first officer
who ever received brevet rank for services performed in the
field at the head of a regiment, He was next engaged at
the battle of Barossa, at which his regiment captured a
French eagle. At the defence of Tarifa the post of danger
was assigned to him, and he compelled the enemy to raise
the siege, At Vittoria, where Gough again distinguished
himself, his regiment captured the baton of Marshal
Jourdan. He was again severely wounded at Nivelle, and
was soon after created a knight of St Charles by the king
of Spain. In recognition of his services the citizens of
Dublin presented him with the freedom of the city and with
a costly sword. At the close of the war he returned home
and enjoyed a respite of some years from active service.
He next took command of a regiment stationed in the south
of Ireland, discharging at the same time the duties of a
magistrate during a period of agitation. Gough did not
attain the rank of general officer till 1830, when he was pro
moted major-general. Seven years later a new epoch
opened for him ; he was sent to India to take command of
the Mysore division of the army. But not long after his
arrival in India, the difficulties which had arisen between
the Chinese and British Governments, and which led to the
first Chinese war, made the presence of an energetic general
on the scene indispensable, and Gough was appointed
commander-in-chief of the British forces in China. This
post he held during all the operations of the war ; and by
his great achievements and numerous victories in the face
of immense difficulties, he at length enabled the English
plenipotentiary, Sir H. Pottinger, to dictate peace on his
own terms, and on terms of perfect equality with the emperor.
After the conclusion of the treaty of Nanking in August
1842 the British forces were withdrawn; and before the
close of the year Gough was created a baronet, and was
invested with the grand cross of the Bath. He also received
the thanks of both Houses of Parliament. Returning to
India, he was appointed (August 1843) commander-in-
chief of ths British forces in India. In December 1843 he
took the command in person against the Mahrattas, and
defeated them at Maharajpore, capturing more than fifty
guns. He defeated them again at Punniar, and peace
was then concluded at Gwalior. In 1845 occurred the
rupture with the Sikhs, who crossed the Sutlej in large
numbers, and Sir Hugh Gough conducted the operations
against them. In this campaign he was well supported
by Lord Hardinge, the governor -general, who had been
his comrade in the Peninsula, and now volunteered to
serve under him, The Sikhs were defeated in three great
battles in rapid succession at Moodkee, Ferozeshah, and
Sobraon, and submitted to make peace soon after at
Lahore. The services of Sir Hugh Gough on these occasions
were rewarded by a vote of thanks from both Houses of
Parliament, and by his elevation to the peerage of the
United Kingdom as Baron Gough (April 1846). The war
broke out again in 1848, and again Lord Gough took the
field. With unabated energy he defeated the Sikhs at
Ramnuggar, and at Chillianwallah, and finally broke their
power by his decisive victory at Gujrat (February 1849).
He was now succeeded as commander-in-chief by Sir Charles
Napier, and, returning to England, was raised to a vis-
countcy, and for the third time received the thanks of both
Houses of Parliament. A pension of 2000 per annum was
granted to him by parliament, and an equal pension by the
East India Company. He did not again see active service.
In 1854 he was appointed colonel of the Royal Horse
Guards, and two years later he was sent to the Crimea to
invest Marshal Pelissier and other officers with the insignia
of the Bath. Honours were multiplied upon him during
his latter years. He was made a knight of St Patrick,
being the first knight of the order who did not hold an
Irish peerage, was sworn a privy councillor, was named a
knight grand commander of the Star of India, and in
November 1862 was made field-marshal. He was twice
married, and left children by both his wives. He died at
his seat near Dublin, March 2, 1869.
GOUGH, Richard (1735-1809), an English antiquary,
was the son of a wealthy East India director, and was born
in London, October 1, 1735. He received his early educa
tion privately, and his literary talents developed with such
precocity that, at the age of twelve and a half years, he had
completed the translation of a history of the Bible from the
French, which his mother printed for private circulation;
at the age of fifteen he wrote a translation of Fleury s
work on the customs of the Israelites; and at sixteen
he had published an elaborate work entitled Atlas Re-
novatus, or Geography modernized. In 1752 he entered
Benet College, Cambridge, where his taste for antiquarian
research received additional impulse, and where he com
menced his work on British topography, which was pub
lished in 1768. After leaving Cambridge in 1756, he
began a series of antiquarian excursions in various parts of
Great Britain, the fruit of which was seen in the volumes
which he subsequently published. In 1773 he began to
prepare an edition in English of Camden s Britannia, but
