696 HERALDRY [ORDINARIES. Caerlavroek Latimer is described as bearing a cross patee, whereas the regular coat of the family was gules, a cross patonce or. Vfm. de Fortibus, before 1241: gules, a cross patonce vair (fig. 48). The cross flory or fleurettee is capped in a similar way by fleurs-de- lys. Lamplugh of Lamplugh : argent, a cross flory table (fig. 49). Kichard Suwart or Siward at Caerlavroek bore sable, a cross flory argent. The cross moline is so called from the fer de moline, or millrind, the iron clamp of the upper millstone. When the millrind itself is borne it is pierced, but the cross moline is not necessarily so. Its extremities are split, curved outwards, and cut oil" square. It is an early bearing. When pierced this must be specified. I?ec of Ereslay: gules, a cross moline argent. Jlolyneux of Sefton: azure, a cross moline quarter-pierced or (fig. 50). The cross potent, potence, or crutch or gibbet headed, has its extremities T-shaped. An early example is seen in the arms of Jerusalem, argent, a cross potent between four crosslets or (fig. 51). Originally, however, the arms of the cross ended in knobs like the handles of a pilgrim s staff, thence called "bourdonnee." The cross recercelee has the ends split and curled outwards, but differs from the cross moline in having them pointed. The two bearings were occasionally confounded, and while the Baron Bee 3)ore a cross moline, Bishop Antony Bee, his brother, is described as bearing a. cross recercelee. The cross voided is the outline only, called by the French "un croix faux ; " the field is seen through it. The cross recercelee is usually also voided. The lords of Oevecoeur bore "d or, ung faux cvois de goules, recercelc e" (fig 52). .Basing, temp. Edward III.: azure, a cross recercelc e and voided or. Fig. 50. Fig. 51. Fig. 52, Fig. 53. The cross formee is peculiar among these varieties, inasmuch as its extremities reach the edge of the field. In other respects it resembles the cross patee. Lawle-y of Spoonbill : argent, a cross formee cheoquy, or and sable. Among the other, later, and but little used varieties of the cross may be mentioned the avellane, ending in filbert husks ; the cross anchored, of which the limbs terminate in anchors ; the cross of the crucifixion or of Calvary, mounted on steps. A cross with a Harrow border of another colour is "fimbriated" ; across pointed is where the ends are so cut. 7. The Saltire, saltier, or sautoir, is known as the cross of St Andrew, and is a common constituent in Scottish coats of arms. The origin is said to be a sort of stirrup or crossed loop suspended from the saddle by .the aid of which the knight leaped into his seat. Such a stirrup certainly appears on the steed of Patrick, earl of March, on his seal, and on the seal of an early Despenser, and this is the only suggestion that accounts fox the name. The saltire is in breadth one-third of the field. The Scottish emblem is azure, a saltire argent; that of St Patrick, argent,, a ealtire gules. Neville bore " A silver saltire upon martial red," that is, gules, a saltire argent (fig. 53). Bottetouit: or, a saltire engrailed saole (fig. 12). Gage : party per saltire, argent and azure, a saltire gules (fig. 54). Glanville of Catchfrencli : wzure, three saltires humetty or (fig. 55). Bruce : or, a saltire and chief gules. Fig. 54. Fig. 55. Fig. 56. Fig. 57. Common charges placed upon a horizontal or vertical ordinary, as a fess or chief or cross, are placed upright ; if on an inclined ordinary, as a bend or saltire, their position should be specified ; if upright, they are palewise; if inclined, bendwise or saltirewise. On the chevron they are upright unless otherwise specified. Dalrymple : or, on a saltirc azure nine lozenges of the first (fig. 56). Here the charges slope with the limbs of the saltire, that in the centre being upright. The deanery of Hengham, dedicated to St Andrew, bore on its seal a saltire raguly. The saltire has no regular diminutives, but when several are borne they are couped. 8. The Pile, pieu, pila, is a triangular strip, its base one-third of the breadth of the shield, and usually applied to its upper margin, the point coinciding with the lower point of the shield. It has been derived from the Roman pilum, a military weapon, and from tho pile of the engineer. The origin is obscure, but it is a very early bearing. It has no diminutive. Sir John Chandos, as Froissart often tells us, bore "d argent, a ung peel de goules, e un label d azure " (fig. 57), and his ancestor Robert" temp. Henry III., bore or, on a pile gules three estoiles, between six of the same, counterchanged, an unusually complicated bearing for that age. Waterhouse : or, a pile engrailed sable. Frequently more piles than one were used, generally three, when they are to be blazoned as meeting in base. Holies : ermine, three piles sable meeting in base (fig. 58). llulse: argent, three piles sable, one issuant from the chief between two from the base. When the base of the pile is applied to any other part of the shield than the chief it must be specified. The pile was used by Henry VIII. as a vehicle for some of his grants of augmentation. 9. The Quarter or franc-quartier covers the upper dexter quarter of the shield. If placed in the sinister quarter, this must Le specified. Its diminutive is the canton, of two-thirds its area. Both are early bearings, but in the roll of Henry III. the quarter appears in several coats which in later rolls are blazoned with the canton. Both are frequently charged. When either occurs in conjunction with another ordinary or subordinary, they are placed above it, and therefore blazoned after it, as further from the field. Both are used as early differences, as in the families of Zouch and Basset, and both are always borne with straight edges. A canton is also called a corner, and a cross between 4 crosses is said to be cantoned of them. De Clare (old): or, a quarter gules (fig. 59). Shirley of Eatington: paly of six or and uzure, a quarter ermine. Sutton of Norwood : argent, a cunton sable. Samuel Clark, the martyrologist: gules, a fleur-de-lys or, a canton ermine (fig. CO). Fig. 58. Fig. 60. Subordinate Ordinaries. These are the border, the inescutcheon, the orle, the tressure, the fret, the gyron, the flasque, the lozenge, the fusil, the mascle, the rustre, the roundel, guttes or drops, the billet, and checquy. The Border, bordure, fimbria, or limbus, though a very old and independent bearing, was frequently used as a difference, and occa sionally as a mark of illegitimacy. It is what its name expresses, and its breadth is one-fifth of the field. When used in an impaled coat the border is not continued round the inner side ; in fact it is dimidiated. In old examples this was not always attended to. In a quartered coat the border is borne complete. Sir Perdicas d Albret, temp. Edward III., " Vho guly shield about his neck did fling, Wrought with dent bordure, silver shining," bore " gules, a border indented argent." Rondell: ermine, a border coinpony, or and sable (fig. 61). Hamelin, illegitimate brother of Henry II., seems to have borne around his arms, on a border gules, eight lioncels passant or. This was before quartering came into use. The augmentation granted by Henry VIII. to Courtenay, marquis of Exeter, was a border quarterly of England and France, the fleurs-de-lys and lions eiiurmy, or in orle (fig. 62). Fig. 01. Fig. 62. Fig CO. The Incscidclicon, or ecusson, is a small shield borne within and upon the greater one. It occurs in the earliest coats, and when voided becomes an orle. Mortimer: barry of 6 or and azure, an inoscutcheon argent, a chief of the first paly of the second between two gyrons of the same (fig. 63). Jlokeley: ermine, an inescutcheon azure. Allestree of Allustree: argent, a chief azure, on a bend gules three incscutch- eons party per chief, vert and argent (fig. 64). The arms of Maxwell, Lord Herries and earl of N ithsdale, afford a good example of this subordinary. They are, argent, an eagle displayed sable, beaked and membcred gules, surmounted with an Ineacutcheon of tlie first, charged with a saltire of the second, surcharged with a hedgehog or, for Hermes. The Orle. is the edge or hem. ourlet, of the inescutcheon, voided,
and is therefore blazoned by the French as a false escutcheon.