L II M L U N LUMBAGO, a term in medicine applied to a painful ailment affecting the muscles of the lower part of the back, generally regarded as of rheumatic origin. An attack of lumbago may occur alone, or be associated with rheumatism in other parts of the body at the time. It usually comes on by a seizure, often sudden, of pain in one or both sides of the small of the back, of a severe cutting or stabbing character, greatly aggravated on movement of the body, especially in attempting to rise from the recumbent posture, and also in the acts of drawing a deep breath, coughing, or sneezing. So intense is the suffering that it is apt to suggest the existence of inflammation in some of the neighbouring internal organs, such as the kidneys, bowels, &c., but the absence of the symptoms specially character istic of these latter complaints, or of any great constitu tional disturbance beyond the pain, renders the diagnosis a matter of no great difficulty. Lumbago seems to be brought on by exposure to cold and damp, and by the other exciting causes of rheumatism. Sometimes it follows a strain of the muscles of the loins. The attack is in general of short duration, but occasionally it continues for a long time, not in such an acute form as at first, but rather as a feeling of soreness and stiffness on movement. The treatment includes that for rheumatic affections in general (see RHEUMATISM) and the application of local remedies to allay the severe pain. Of these the best are hot fomentations with turpentine or laudanum applied by means of flannel or spongio-piline to the part ; or the rub bing in, if this can be borne, of stimulating liniments, such as thosa of opium, belladonna, chloroform, aconite, <fcc. The old and homely plan of counter-irritation by applying a heated iron to the part with a sheet of brown paper interposed is often beneficial in chronic cases, as is also, on similar principles, Corrigan s button cautery. The sub cutaneous injection of morphia or atropia is called for when the attack is very severe and prevents sleep. LUMP-SUCKER, or LUMP-FISH (Cydopterus lumpus), a marine fish, which with another genus (Liparis) forms a small family (Discoboli) closely allied to the Gobies (see GOBY). Like many fishes of the latter family, the lump- suckers have the ventral fins united into a circular concave disk, which, acting as a sucker, enables them to attach them selves firmly to rocks or stone?. The body of the lump- sucker (properly so called) is short and thick, with a thick and scaleless skin, covered with rough tubercles, the larger of which are arranged in four series along each side of the body. The first dorsal fin is almost entirely concealed by the skin, appearing merely as a lump on the back. The lump-sucker inhabits the coasts of both sides of the North Atlantic ; it is not rare on the British coasts, but becomes more common farther north. It is so sluggish in its habits that individuals have been caught with sea-weed growing on their backs. In the spring the fish approaches the shores to spawn, clearing out a hollow on a stony bottom in which it deposits an immense quantity of pink-coloured ova. Fishermen assert that the male watches the spawn until the young are hatched, a statement which receives confirmation from the fact that the allied gobies, or at least some of them, take similar care of their progeny. The vernacular name, "cock and hen paddle," given to the 1 imp-fish on some parts of the coast, is probably expressive of the difference between the two sexes in their outward appearance, the male being only half or one-third the size of the female, and assuming during the spawning season a bright blue coloration, with red on the lower parts. This fish is generally not esteemed as food, but Faber (Fisch. Inlands, p. 53) states that the Icelanders consider the flesh of the male as a delicacy. 1 Very peculiar is the structure 1 The " cock-padle was formerly esteemed also in Scotland, and figures in the Antiquary, chap. xi. of the bones, which are so sofc, and contain so little inorganic matter, that the old ichthyologists placed the lump-sucker among the cartilaginous fishes. LUND, a town of Sweden, in the Ian of Malmohus, lies at a distance of 10 miles by rail north-east from Malmo. It is chiefly remarkable for its university, the second in Sweden, founded by Charles XI. in 1666, with faculties of philosophy, law, medicine, and theology ; the number of students ranges from 500 to 600. The librarycoutains about 100,000 volumes and 2000 MSS., and there are valuable collections in archaeology and natural history. Among the more distinguished of its professors may be mentioned the names of Puffendorf and the poet Tegner. Linnaeus was one of its alumni. The cathedral, a Byzantine structure, dedicated to St Lawrence, and said to be on the whole the finest church in Scandinavia, was founded about the middle of the llth century, and consecrated in 1145. The crypt under the transept and choir is one of the largest in the world. The town has little else of interest to show. The statue of Tegner stands in the Tegner s Plats, and the house in which he lived from 1813 to 1826 is indicated by a stone slab with an inscription. The manufactures of Lund (woollen cloth, leather, tobacco, sugar, &c.) are unim portant. The population in December 1878 was 13,611. Lund (Lond inum Gothorum), the " Lunda at Eyrarsundi" of the Eyil s Saga, was in Egil sMime (about 920 A.D. ) a place of con siderable importance ; one gathers that, if not actually a seaport, it was at least nearer the Sound then than at present. In the middle of the llth century it was made a bishopric, and in 1103 it was advanced to the dignity of an archiepiscopal see, the arch bishop receiving primatial rank over all Scandinavia in 1163. The archbishop of Upsala is now primate of Sweden, Lund since 1536 having been reduced to the rank of an ordinary bishopric, and lost its quondam title of "Metropolis Danise." LUNEBUFiG, the chief town of a district in the Prussian province of Hanover, is situated near the foot of a small hill named the Kalkberg, and on the river Ilmenau, 14 miles above its confluence with the Elbe, and 30 miles to the south-east of Hamburg. Numerous handsome mediaeval buildings testify to its former prosperity, and part of the old town-wall also still survives. Of its four churches three those of St John, St Nicholas, and St Michael are large and fine Gothic edifices of the 14th and 15th centuries. The principal secular buildings are the town-house, a huge pile dating from the 13th to the 18th century, the old palace, and the convent of St Michael, now converted into a school. Liineburg owes its import ance chiefly to the gypsum and lime quarries of the Kalkberg, which afford the materials for its cement works, and to the productive salt-spring at its base. Hence the ancient saying, which, grouping with these the commercial facilities afforded by the bridge over the Ilmenau, ascribes the prosperity of Liineburg to its mons, fans, pons. The industries of the town also include the making of iron ware, soda, and haircloth. Population in 1880, 19,045. Liineburg existed as early as the days of Charlemagne, but did not become of any importance till after the erection of a convent and a castle on the Kalkberg in the 10th century. The decisive event, however, in fixing its future development was the destruction, in 1189, of Bardewieck, situated on the Ilmenau below Liineburg, and then the chief commercial town in North Germany. Liineburg inherited its trade, and subsequently appears as one of the leading towns in the Hanseatic League. From 1267 to 1369 it was the capital of an independent principality of its own name, and it was afterwards frequently involved in the quarrels of the Guelphic princes. It reached the height of its prosperity in the 15th century, and even in the 17th was the depot for all the merchandise ex ported from Saxony and Bohemia to the mouth of the Elbe. The German war of liberation in 1813 was begun by an engagement with the French under General Morand near Liineburg. Liineburg gives its name to the Lu ueburger Haide or Liineburg Heath, an im mense tract of moorland occupying the greater part of eastern Hanover. Compare Volger, Fuhrer durch die Sttjrlt Limcburg and Urkundenbuch der
StaJt Liineburg ; also the Alterthilmer der Stadt Liineburg, 1S52-72