the neighbourhood of Buitenzorg is Battou-Toulis-Coca- batou, a sacred wood held in high veneration by the natives.
BUJALANCE, a town of Spain, in the province of Cordova, and about 25 miles E. of that city. It contains a Moorish castle flanked with towers, two hospitals, a found ling asylum, and a seminary for the education of girls. Leather and woollen cloth are manufactured. Population 894G.
BUKOWINA, a duchy and crown-land of the Austrian empire, bounded on the N. and N.W. by Galicia, W. by Hungary and Transylvania, S. by Moldavia, and E. by Moldavia and Russia. It has an area of 4036 English square miles, and the population in 1869 amounted to 51 1,964, of whom 255,919 were males and 256,045 females. The country, especially in its southern parts, is largely occupied by offshoots of the Carpathian mountains. Its northern border is skirted by the Dniester, and a con siderable section is drained by the Pruth, but by far the larger portion belongs to the system of the Danube, and is watered by the head streams of the Sereth, the Moldava, and the Bistritza. The climate is healthy but severe, especially in winter; and the soil, particularly in the north, is of great fertility. A large part of the surface, according to official statistics in 1870, no less than 1,050,849 acres, or nearly one-half of the whole, is occupied by woodland ; and the very name of the country is derived from the abundance of beech-trees. Wheat, rye, oats, maize, barley, beans, potatoes, flax, and hemp are all more or less cultivated; and about 643,319 acres of arable land are under tillage. Gardens and meadows occupy 301,706 acres, vineyards 11, and pasture 290,531. In 1870 the number of horses in the duchy was 42,649, cattle 224,424, sheep 217,913, goats 18,786, and swine 133,385, while the bee stocks amounted to no fewer than 27,091. The mineral productions comprise copper, iron, lead, silver, coal, salt, sulphur, and alabaster, some of which, however, are only yielded in very moderate quantities. In 1870 the iron ore obtained amounted to 5808 tons, the copper to 945, and the salt 2590. The principal mineral springs are at Dorna-Watra, Jakobeny, and Lopuszna, but none of them as yet are much frequented. The country is divided into the eight districts of Czernowitz, Kimpolung, Kotzmann, Radautz, Sereth, Storozynec, Suczawa, and Wisznitz, the capital Czernowitz forming a separate and ninth division. There are seven towns in all, eight market-villages, and 456 hamlets, the most populous places being Czernowitz with 33,884 of a population, Radautz 9429, Suczawa 7450, Sereth 648G, Kuszusmare 6419, and Kimpolung 5561. Industrial activity is still comparatively slight, the most important establishments being the breweries, of which there were fifteen in 1870, and the distilleries, which numbered forty-nine. The population is of various origin, about 180,000 being Roumanians, 200,000 Ruthenians, and the rest Germans, Poles, Jews, Hungarians, &c. The German language alone is used in twenty-one of the village schools, and Roumanian in forty-nine, while in many both are in use. In 1869 there were 376,946 adherents of the Greek church, 74,347 Catholics, 11,393 Protestants, and 47,772 Jews, the total population amounting to 511,964, while in 1857 it was only 456,920. The Bukowina diet consists by the law of 1861 of thirty members, includ ing, besides the bishop, ten appointed by the landed proprietors, seven by the towns, and twelve by the rural communes. Five members are sent to the im perial diet. Originally a part of Transylvania, Bukowina, passed in 1482 to Moldavia, and in 1775 to Austria, who united it in 1786 as the Czernowitz circle with Galicia, but in 1849 raised it to its present independence.
BULACAN, the chief town of a province of the same name in the Philippine island of Luzon, situated on an arm of the Pampanga delta, about 15 miles N. of Manila. With the exception of the churches and a few stone buildings, it was completely destroyed by fire in 1859, but has since been rebuilt, Population estimated at about 10,000.
BULANDSHAHR, a district of British India, in the Meerut division, under the jurisdiction of the Lieutenant- Governor of the N.W. Provinces; lies between 28 3 and 28 43 N. lat, and 77 28 and 78 32 E. long. It is bounded on the N. by the district of Meerut; on the E. by the districts of Moradabad and Budaun ; on the S. by the district of Aligarh ; and on the W. by the districts of Gurgaon and Delhi. The district stretches out in a level plain, with a gentle slope from north-west to south-east, and a gradual but very slight elevation about midway between the Ganges and Jumna. Principal rivers, the Ganges and Jumna, the former navigable all the year round, the latter only during the rains; minor rivers, Hindan and East Kdll Nadl, not navigable. The Ganges canal intersects the district, and serves both for irrigation and navigation. Area of Bulandshahr district, 1910 square miles, of which 1368 are under cultivation; 346 cultivable, but not actually under cultivation ; and the rest uncultivable waste. Population in 1872, 936,593 souls, residing in 182,694 houses, and inhabiting 1566 villages ; persons per square mile, 490; per village, 598; per house, 5 1. Of the total population 760,602 or 81 2 per cent, were Hindus; 175,900 or 18 8 per cent. Mahometans; and 91 Christians and others.
Cotton, indigo, sugar, wheat, tobacco, barley, millet, and various kinds of pulse, form the principal agricultural products. The chief traffic routes arc (1), Road from Meerut to Aligarh ; (2), from Delhi to Bareilly ; and (3), between Delhi and Aniipshahr. The East Indian Railway passes through the district. Total revenue in 1870-71, 176,422, of which 155,675, or 88 per cent., was from land. The regular constabulary police consisted of 523 men in 1870-71, besides the rural or village watch. Bulandshahr district contained 302 schools in 1872-73, attended by 6959 pupils. The following twelve towns in the district have upwards of 5000 inhabi tants : 1. Baran or Bulandshahr, the administrative headquarters, situated on the right bank of the Kali Nadi, on the route from Bareilly to Delhi, in 28 24 N. lat. and 77 56 E. long. ; area, 111 acres ; population, 14,804 ; municipal income in 1872, 1075 ; expenditure, 1139, 2s. ; rate of municipal taxation, Is. 5⅜d. per head. 2. Dibai area, 106 acres ; population, 7782 ; municipal income, 346, 16s. 9d.; expenditure, 298, 7s. 4d.; rate of taxa tion, lOfd. per head. 3. Aniipshahr area, 123 acres ; population, 9336 ; municipal income, 598, 14s.; expenditure, 532, 14s.; rate of taxation, Is. 3d. per head. 4. Jahangirabad 114 acres ; population, 9408 ; municipal income, 571, 3s. 5d. ; expenditure, 456, 12s. 9d. ; rate of taxation, Is 2⅜d. 5. Shikarpur area, 115 acres ; population, 11,150 ; municipal income, 435, 19s. 6d. ; expenditure, 408, lls. 9d. ; rate of taxation, 9
Towards the end of the last century, the district passed into the hands of Perron, a French common sailor, who had won his way up to the rank of a general in the Marhatta service. Its annexation formed one of the leading points in the JMarquis Wellesley s policy, and it was coded to us by the Scindia treaty of 1803. Bulandshahr enjoyed a bad conspiciiousness in the mutiny of 1857, when the Gujor peasantry plundered the town?.
