Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition, v. 5.djvu/124

parliament. Population in 1851, 9121, inhabiting 1375

Louses, and in 1871, 7842, inhabiting 1367 houses.

CARLOWITZ, a town of Hungary, in the former Slavonian military frontier and circle of Peterwardein, is situated on the right bank of the Danube, eight miles south east of Peterwardein. Population in 1873, 4419. It is the seat of the Greek archbishop in the Austrian dominions, and has, besides the cathedral, two Greek churches, a Roman. Catholic church, Servian and German schools, seminaries for the Greek and Catholic clergy, a gymna sium, a lyceum, and a hospital. There is important wine cultivation. The peace between Austria, Turkey, Poland, and Venice was concluded here in 1699.

CARLSBAD, or Kaiserkarlsbad, formerly Wary, a royal free town of Bohemia, on the Tepel, near its junction with the Eger, 70 miles W.N.W. of Prague. It is situated in a beautiful narrow valley between steep granite moun tains, and consists chiefly of lodging-houses and hotels for the accommodation of visitors, but has also some good shops and private houses, a theatre, hospitals, as well as schools, reading-rooms, &c. It is the seat of the district judge, custom-house, and excise. Carlsbad is the most aristocratic watering-place in Europe. It is most frequented from the middle of June to the middle of August, and the number of visitors averaging from 12,000 to 20,000. The permanent population is nearly 9000 (1873). The warm springs differ but little from each other in their component parts, the principal ingredients being sulphate of soda, car bonate of soda, and common salt. Of the ten springs the Sprudel, Hygiea, Bernhardt, Neubrunnen, and Schloss- brunnen are the principal, having temperatures ranging from 165 to 122 Fahr. They are said to have been dis covered in 1370, during a hunting excursion, by the Emperor diaries IV., to whom a statue has been erected in the market-place. The resident inhabitants make many curious articles in iron, steel, tin, and wood, .for which they find a ready market during the season. The mountains in the neighbourhood have been made accessible, and here and there nice plots of ground have been laid out for visitors. The town has a post-office, railway, and telegraph stations. It lies in 50 13 N lat. and 12 53 E. long.

CARLSBURG, a fortified town of Transylvania, capital of the county of Unter-Weissenburg, situated on the north bank of the Maros, 54 miles south of Clausenburg. It consists of the upper town, or citadel, and the lower town. It has a fine Roman Catholic cathedral (containing among other tombs that of John Hunniades), Lutheran and Re formed churches, and a synagogue ; also an ecclesiastical seminary, gymnasium, observatory, public library, mint, Ac. Population in 1874, 7955. Lat. 46 4 17" N., long. 23 34 E.

CARLSHAMN, or Karlshaven, a small seaport town of Sweden, in the laen of Carlskrona, on the Baltic, 27 miles west of Carlskrona. It has manufactures of sailcloth, leather, and tobacco. The harbour is small but secure, and by means of it a considerable trade is carried on in corn, ironware, timber, pitch, tar, and potash. Shipbuilding and fisheries are also prosecuted. Population in 1873, 5492.

CARLSKRONA, or Blekinge, a laen or province of Sweden, bounded on the N. by Kronoberg, N.E. by Calmar, E. and S. by the Baltic, and W. by Christianstadt. It has an area of 5398 square miles, and (1873) 127,877 inhabitants. Its principal towns are Carlskrona, Carlshamn, and Soelvesborg. The smallest and most fertile province of the kingdom, it has a mild climate and has been called the garden or park of Sweden. The inhabitants are lively and distinguished for beauty, and the principal industries are connected with agriculture and forestry, fishery, and shipping.

Carlskrona, the capital of the above province, a seaport on the Baltic, in 5G 10 N. lat., 15 33 E. long., 55 miles east of Christianstadt. It is named from its founder Charles XL, and is built upon five small islands connected with each other and with the mainland by bridges. The town is well built, consisting partly of brick and stone, but principally of wooden houses, and has broad streets. The harbour, which is fortified, is capacious and secure, with a sufficient depth of water for the largest vessels. It has three entrances ; the principal, and the only one practic able for large vessels, is on the south side of the town, and is defended by two strong forts. The dry docks are of great extent, and have been cut out. of the solid granite rock. The arsenal and other buildings connected with the docks are extensive, and are separated from the town by a wall. The manufactures are naval equipments, linen cloths, tobacco, and refined sugar ; the exports, metals, potash, tar, pitch, ifcc. The town is very deficient in good water. Carlskrona is the principal station of the Swedish navy. It is the seat of the Government and Admiralty offices, has a handsome town-hall, navy arsenal and hospital, naval and other schools, churches, and navy-yards. Popu lation in 1873, 16,653.|1}}

Plan of Carlsruhe

Monument of Grand Duke Luclwig.

Palace of Markgrave Wilhelin. Palace of Grand Duchess Sophie. Obelisk. Town Cluirch. Town-Hall. Cathedral Church. Pyramid. Polytechnic School. Finance Ministry. 11. Palace of Prince Willielm. 12. Art Gallery. 13. Theatre. 14. liotanic Garden. 15. Winter Garden. 1C. Castle, Library, and Cabinet of Natural History. 17. General Post-Office. IS. Arsenal. 19. Vereinigte Sammlungcn.

CARLSRUHE, or Karlsruhe (Charles's Rest), a city

of Western Germany, capital of the grand duchy of Baden. It stands on an elevated plain of the Hardwald (which nearly surrounds it), 380 feet above the level of the sea, 5 miles from the Rhine, and 39 miles W.N.W. of Stuttgart. The Frankfort and Basel Railway passes the city. Carls- ruhe takes its name from Charles William, margrave of Baden, who, owing to disputes which he had with the citizens of Durlach, erected in 1715 a hunting-seat, around which the town has since been built. From the palace the principal streets, seventeen in number, radiate in the form of an expanded fan, in a S.E., S., and S.W. direction. The palace, erected in 1751 on the site of the previous erection of 1715, is a plain building in the old French style, composed Of a centre and two wings, presenting

nothing remarkable except the octagon tower (BZeithurm),