CHRONOLOGY [1794-1807. August 23. Pondieherry taken by the English, August 23. Toulon taken by Lord Hood, August 28. Lyons taken by Kellermann, October 9. Execution of Marie Antoinette, October 15 ; of the Girondists, October 31. Worship of reason introduced, November 10. Toulon retaken, Napoleon Bonaparte at the siege, December 18, 19. The Noyades of Nantes, December. Society of United Irishmen founded. 1794. Insurrection in Poland, Kosciuszko generalissimo, March. Execution of Danton and his followers, April 6. Habeas Corpus Act suspended in England, May 23. Victory of Lord Howe over French fleet, off Brest, June 1. File de VEtre Supreme, June 8. Battle of Fleurus, June 26. Fall of Kobespierre, end of the Reign of Terror, July 27. Corsica reduced by the English, August 4. Battle of Macie- wice ; Kosciuszko wounded and captured, October 10. Trials of Hardy, Home Tooke, and others, October-November. Battle of Praga, the Poles defeated by Suwaroff, November 4. Warsaw entered by Russians, November 9. The English driven from Holland, December. Chappe s telegraph invented. Godwin s Caleb Williams published. Paley s Evidences. Goethe s Willidm Meistcrs Lehrjahre. 1795. Third partition of Poland arranged between Russia, Austria, and Prussia, January 3. The French enter Amsterdam, January 19. Abolition of the stadtholderate ; the Batavian Republic established, February 24. Insurrection at Paris, April 1. Peace of Basel between French Republic and the king of Prussia, April 5. Acquittal of Warren Hastings, April 23. Insurrection at Paris, May 20-21. Treaty of Basel between France and Spain, July 22. The Directory established, August 22. Cape of Good Hope taken by the English, September. Annexation of Belgium to France, October 1. Last sitting of National Convention, October 26. King Stanislas abdicates, November 25. Dutch settlements in Ceylon taken by English. Institute of France and Ecole Polytcchniquc founded. Maynooth College, Ireland, founded. 1796. Irish Insurrection Act passed, March 10. Battle of Lodi, May 10. Milan entered by Napoleon, May 15. Treaty between French Republic and the king of Sardinia for cession of Nice, Savoy, &c., May 15. Bologna entered by Napoleon, June 18. Alliance between France and Spain, August 19. Spain declares war against Great Britain, October 6. Suspension of Habeas Corpus Act in Ireland, October 26. Battle of Arcola, November 1 5-1 7. Paul emperor of Russia, November 1 7. Cispadane Republic founded, December. Attempt of General Hoche on Ireland, Dec ember 22-27. Hydraulic press patented by Bramah. 1797. Battle of Rivoli, January 14. Ca pitulation of Mantua to Napoleon, February 1, 2. Admiral Jervis defeats Spanish fleet off Cape St Vincent, February 14. John Adams president of United States, March 4. Napoleon declares war on Venice, May 3 ; and enters the city, May 16. Councils of Five Hundred andof the Ancients established at Paris, May 20. Ligurian Republic established, June. Cisalpine Republic, June 29. Death of Burke, July 9. Death of Burns, July 21. Coup-d etat of 18th Fructidor, September 4. Admiral Duncan defeats Dutch fleet off Camperdown, October 11. Treaty of Campo Formic between France and Austria, October 17. Frederick William III. king of Prussia, November 16. Congress of Rastadt opens, December 9. Insurrection at Rome, December 27. First issue of one-pound notes by Bank of England. 1798. Occirpation of Rome by the French, February 10; a republic proclaimed, February 15. Subjugation of Switzerland by the French, January-March. Helvetic Republic proclaimed, April 12. Annexation of Geneva to France, April 26. Rebellion in Ireland breaks out, May 23. Malta taken by Napoleon, June 11. French invasion of Egypt, July 1. Battle of the Pyramids, July 21. Battle of the Nile, August 1-2. General Humbert lands French force at Killala, August ; surrenders to General Lake, September 8. Rome occupied by Neapolitans, November 29. Abdication of king of Sardinia, December 9. Alliance between Russia and the Porte, December 23. Treaty between Great Britain and Russia, Decem ber 29. Income Tax proposed by Pitt, December. Jenner s Inquiry (" Vaccination ") published. Lithography invented by Senefelder. Haydn s Creation produced. 1799. Naples entered by the French, January. Capitulation of Ehrenbreititein to the French, January 29. Invasion of Syria by Napoleon, February. Massacre of Jaffa, March 7. Unsuccessful siege of Acre by Napoleon, March 16-May 21. Invasion of Mysore by the English, March. Congress of Rastadt closed, April 7. Seringapatam stormed by the English under Baird ; Tippoo killed, May 4. Second coalition against France formed, June 22. Napoleon defeats Turks at Aboukir, July 25. Ferdinand IV. of Naples restored, July 27. Russians enter Switzerland, August. Death of Pius VI., August 29. Zurich entered by the French, September 26. Retreat of Suwaroff from Switzcrland/Septembor 29. Rome recovered from the French, September 30. Overthrow of the Directory, 18th Bmmaire, November 9. Napoleon "First Consul." December 24. Death of Washington, December 14. Laplace s Memnique Celeste published (completed, 1825). 1800. Pius VII. elected pope, March 14. Cession of Surat to East India Company, May 13. Passage of the Great St Bernard by Napoleon, May 17-20. Battle of Marengo, June 14. Legislative Union of Great Britain and Ireland by Act passed July 2. Malta taken by English, September 5. Cession of Mysore to the English, October 12. Battle of Hohenlinden, December 3. The Voltaic pile invented. The Journal dcs Debate founded. 1801. First imperial parliament of United Kingdom meets, January 22. Resignation of Pitt, February 5. Addington first lord of the treasury. Peace of Luneville, February 9. Thomas Jefferson president of United States, March 4. Battle of Alexan dria ; Abercromby mortally wounded, March 21. Kingdom of Etruria erected by Napoleon, March 21. Paul, emperor of Russia, murdered, March 24 ; Alexander I. succeeds. Victory of Nelson over Danish fleet at Copenhagen, April 2. Cairo surrenders to the English, June 27. Concordat between Pius VII. and Napoleon, July 15. Mecca taken and pillaged by Wahhabecs. Evacuation of Egypt by the French, September 2. Peace between Great Britain and France, October 1 ; between Russia and France, October 8. First Census of Great Britain taken. The asteroid Ceres discovered by Piazzi. Block machinery invented by Brunei. 1802. French expedition against St Domingo, February. Peace of Amiens, March 27. Napoleon First Consul for life, August 3. Rising of the Swiss under Aloys Reding, summer. Piedmont an nexed to France, September Tl. The asteroid Pallas discovered by Olbers. Edinburgh Review commenced, October. 1803. New constitution imposed on Switzerland by Napoleon s "Act of Mediation," February 19. Cape of Good Hope restored to the Dutch, February 21. Egypt evacuated by the English, March 17. Louisiana sold by Napoleon to United Sfates, April 30. Eng land declares war against France, May IS. Hanover seized by the French, June. Rising in Ireland under Emmett, July 23. Pre parations for French invasion of England, summer. War be- tween the English and Sindia begins, August 3. General Lake defeats Mahrattas near Delhi, and enters the city, September 12. Battle of Assaye, September 23. St Domingo proclaimed independent, November 29. Treaty with Rajah of Berar, December 17 ; with Sindia, December 28. Atomic theory propounded by Dalton. 1804. Publication of the Code Civil (Napoleon), January. Duke of Enghien shot by order of Napoleon, March 21. Surinam taken by the English, April 29. Pitt prime minister the second time, May 12. Napoleon "Emperor of the French," May 18. The Jesuits readmitted to the Two Sicilies, July 30. Francis II. assumes title of hereditary emperor of Austria, August 11. War with Holkar through this year and the next. Coronation of Napoleon I. and Josephine by the Pope at Paris, December 2. Spain declares war against Great Britain, December 12. Asteroid Juno discovered by Harding. British and Foreign Bible Society established. Savings Banks originated. Schiller s Wilhclm Tell published. 1805. Siege of Bhurtpore by the English, January. Jefferson president of tlie United States (second term), March 4. Battle of Bhurtpore, April 2. Third coalition against France, April 11. Death of Earl of Shelburne, May 2 (born, 1737). Napoleon crowned king of Italy at Milan, May 26. Genoa and Ligurian Re public incorporated with France, June 3. Impeachment of Lord Melville, June 26. Third coalition against France completed, September 8. Capitulation of General Mack to Napoleon at Ulm, October 17 and 19. Victory and death of Nelson at Trafalgar, October 21. Vienna occupied by the French, November 13. Russian and British forces land in Naples, November 20. Battle of Austerlitz, December 2. Treaty with Holkar, cession of territory to the English, December 24. Peace of Presburg, December 26" British and Foreign School Society founded. Foster s Essays pub lished. Scott s Lay of the Last Minstrel. 1806. The electors of Bavaria and Wiirtemberg take the title of king, January 1. Cape of Good Hope retaken by the English, January 8. Death of Pitt, January 23. Grenville and Fox admini stration, February. Admiral Duckworth destroys French squadron off St Domingo, February 6. PruSvSia concludes treaty with Na poleon I., February 16 ; ratified March 9. Joseph Bonaparte made king of the Two Sicilies, March 30. Trial of Lord Melville begins, April 29 ; acquittal, June 12. Louis Napoleon Bonaparte made king of Holland, June 6. Great Britain declares war against Prussia, June 11. Battle of Maida, July 5. Mutiny of Sepoys at Vellcre, July 10. Confederation of the Rhine formed, July 12. Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire, August 6. Death of Fox, September 13. Fourth coalition against France, October 6. Battles of Jena and Auerstadt, October 14. Napoleon enters Berlin, October 27. Flight of Frederick William III., October. Napoleon s Berlin decree declaring the British Isles in a state of blockade, November 21. Occupation of Hamburg by the French, November. War between Russia and Turkey begins, November 23, Elector of Saxony assumes title of king, December 11. The Russians enter Bucharest, December 27. Haileybury College founded. 1807. Battle of Eylau, February 7-8. Sir J. Duckworth forces the passage of the Dardanelles, February 19. Abolition of the slave trade in British empire by Act passed March 25. The Portland
administration, April. Dantzic taken by the French, May 26,