Macedonian control. Little as the man s life, so far as we know of it, engages our respect or esteem, his position must at least be broadly distinguished from that of such a man as Æschines, an Athenian citizen who, while his city could still be saved, abetted its enemies or from that of such a hireling as Demades. In the Harpalus affair, Demosthenes was, beyond all reasonable doubt, innocent, and so, pro bably, were others of the accused. Yet Hyperides, the most
fiery of the patriots, was on the same side as Dinarchus.Under the regency for such it really was of his old master, Demetrius Phalereus, Dinarchus had much political influence. The years 317–306 B.C. were the most prosperous of his life. On the fall of Demetrius Phalereus, Dinarchus withdrew into exile at Chalcis in Eubœa. About 292 B.C. he ventured to return to Attica, and took up his abode with a former associate, Proxenus, in the country, against whom he afterwards brought an action, on the ground that Proxenus had robbed him of some money and plate which he had brought with him. He died at Athens, at the age of about seventy, i.e., about 291 B.C.
Dionysius held that, out of 85 extant speeches bearing the name of Dinarchus, 58 were genuine, 28 in public causes, 30 in private causes. In addition to the three speeches above mentioned, we have scanty fragments of 88 more which passed, with at least some authors, under his name. The number need not surprise us, when we remember that Suidas speaks of 160 speeches of Dinarchua, and (following Csecilius probably) allows 60 as genuine. No orator of the Attic decade had so little of an individual style, and to no other, consequently, was alien work so largely ascribed by the Alexandrian critics. Dinarchus imitated by turns the style of Lysias, of Hyperides, of Demosthenes. As Dionysius says of him, ov&ev oirre KOLVCV OVT iStov ecr^ev, he had no general stamp of his own, no distinctive trait. He was neither an inventor, like Lysias, Isocrates, and Isaeus, nor a perfecter like Æschines, Hyperides, and Demosthenes. He is called by Hermogenes 6 K.piOivo s A^/AocrtfevTys, a metaphor taken either from barley compared with wheat, or, better perhaps, from beer compared with wine, a Demosthenes whose strength is rougher, and who has neither the flavour nor the sparkle.
Our best MSS. are the Codex Crippsianiis and the Codex Oxoniensis (containing also Antiphon, Andocides, Isoeus, Lycurgus.) The three extant orations, with the fragment ascribed to Demades, ed. F. Blass, Lips. 1871. The fragments in Baiter and Sauppe's Oratorcs Attici, vol. ii.
DINGWALL, a royal burgh of Scotland, the county town of Ross-shire, 15 miles north-west of Inverness, at the junction of the Sutherland and Dingwall and Skye railways. It occupies a low situation at the upper end of Cromarty Firth, where the valley of Strathpeffer unites with the alluvial lands at the mouth of the Conan. Though a neatly built and thriving place, it has nothing special to show except the curious old town-house, a few remains of the ancient mansion-house of the powerful family of Ross, and an obelisk 57 feet in height, erected to the memory of George, first earl of Cromarty. Dingwall, like so many towns on the same coast, is of Norse origin, and its name in Scandinavian signifies the Court Hill. In Gaelic it is known as Inbhir-pheoran, or the mouth of the Peffer. Its charter, granted by Alexander II., was renewed by James IV. It unites with Tain, Dornoch, Wick, Kirkwall, and Cromarty in returning one member to Parliament. Population in 1871, 2125.
DINKELSBUHL, a town of Bavaria, in the department of Mittelfranken, or Middle Franconia, on the Wörnitz, about 40 miles by rail from Doriauworth, where the river joins the Danube. It is an important centre both of civil and ecclesiastical administration, and has a Roman catholic and a Protestant church, a Latin and industrial school, and several benevolent institutions. The inhabitants carry on the manufacture of gloves, stockings, and other articles, and deal largely in cattle. Fortified by Henry L, Dinkelsbiihl received in 1305 the same municipal rights as Ulm, and obtained in 1351 the position of a free imperial city, which it retained till 1803. Its municipal code, the DinJcelsbuhler Recht, printed in 1536, and republished in a revised form in 1738, contained a very extensive collection of laws on matters both of public and private interest. Population in 1875, 5238.
DINOCRATES (called by Pliny Dinochares), a Greek architect, who lived in the reign of Alexander the Great. He applied to that king's courtiers for an introduction to the Macedonian king, but was put off from time to time with vain promises. Impatient at the delay, he is said to have laid aside his usual dress, besmeared his body with oil in the manner of an athlete, thrown a lion's skin over his shoulders, and, with his head adorned with a wreath of palm branches, and a club in his hand, made his way through a dense crowd which surrounded the royal tribunal to the place where the king was dispensing justice. Amazed at the strange sight, Alexander asked him who he was. He replied that he had come into the royal presence to make known a scheme which would be worthy of the consideration of the greatest monarch in the world. Out of Mount Athos, a mountain rising like a pyramid to a height of 6780 feet topped with a cone of white limestone, he proposed to construct the gigantic figure of a man, holding a large city in his right hand, while in his left he held a gigantic tank large enough to contain all the water from the brooks in the peninsula. The story goes that the king was not displeased with the idea, but, as he thought it chimerical, it came to nothing. Alexander, however, was so delighted with the man, and with his bold and daring conceptions, that he carried Dinocrates with him when he went on his campaigns against Darius. He was employed by the king to design and lay out the city of Alexandria. This city was founded in 332 B.C., but the untimely death of Dinocrates prevented it from assuming the propor tions intended by its designer. The Ephesians, whose temple of Diana had just been burnt down, employed him in its reconstruction. But perhaps the most original of all his conceptions was his design for a temple to Arsinoe, wife of Ptolemy II., king of Egypt. The roof of the building was to have been composed of a mass of loadstones, strong enough to hold floating in the air, and suspended within it, an iron statue of the queen.
gigantic Struthious birds, believed to be extinct, which in post-Pliocene times must have formed a principal feature in the fauna of New Zealand. Their remains are found in greatest abundance in the provinces of Otago and Canterbury, often strewn in great profusion over the surface of the ground, but more usually met with buried in alluvial deposits, and in swamps ; and they indicate that many of the species attained a huge size thus the tibia of Dinornis giganteus measures about a yard in length, and the bird itself must have stood 10 or 11 feet high. Another species, Dinornis elepkantopus, although less in height, possessed, according to Professor Owen, the most massive skeleton in the entire order of birds, its toe bones almost rivalling those of the elephant. Wing bones are believed to have been entirely wanting in those species which now constitute the genus Dinornis, as also the fourth toe, which is present along with rudimentary wing bones in the species which have been placed in the new genus Palapteryx. Among living birds Dinornis agrees most closely with the Apteryz, the diminutive living representative in New Zealand of this gigantic race of bipeds, while somewhat
reseuibliug the emeu and cassowary in the formation of