has asserted its jurisdiction in the following cases : when the allegiance and the place of marriage were English, the lociis delicti and domicile foreign ; when the allegiance and domicile were English, and the locus conlractus et delicti foreign. It has been held that the court can inquire into the validity of a marriage in England between foreigners domiciled abroad at the time of the marriage. And when the marriage had been solemnized between foreigners in a foreign country, and the wife committed adultery abroad, the court held itself entitled to dissolve the marriage on the petition of the husband then domiciled in England. And in an Irish case it was held that the domicile of the husband will sustain the jurisdiction of the court over the wife though married abroad, always after marriage resident
abroad, and accused of adultery committed abroad.Questions of this sort have frequently arisen in American jurisprudence. The different States are to each other in the matter of divorce as foreign countries. The learned writer to whom we have already referred (Bishop, Marriage and Divorce) formulates the following propositions:—1. The tribunals of a country have no jurisdiction in divorce, wherever the offence may have occurred, if neither of the parties has an actual bona fide domicile within its territory; 2. It is sufficient for one of the parties to be domiciled in the country ; both need not be, neither need the citation where the domiciled party is plaintiff be served personally on the defendant, if such personal service cannot be made; 3. The place where the offence was committed is immaterial; 4. The domicile of the parties at the time of the offence is immaterial; 5. It is immaterial under what system of divorce laws the marriage was celebrated. The author holds that the foregoing doctrines are not in conflict with the United States constitution, but that they are made binding by that constitution on the tribunals of all the States. It has been pointed out, however, that the fourth proposition has been denied by the courts of Pennsylvania and New Hampshire, which hold that only the courts of that country where the parties were domiciled when the offence was committed have jurisdiction to dissolve marriage for such offence. Bishop finally holds that " if a court has jurisdiction in a divorce cause, valid according to the law of the State in which it is taken, and not obnoxious to principles of inter-State comity, and it pronounces a divorce, it is binding on all the other States of the Union. If there was the domicile necessary to give the jurisdiction, and the defendant appeared to the suit, then the judgment would be everywhere in our country of absolute force, both as to the status of marriage and as to alimony and other like property rights. If the plaintiff only had a domicile, and there was no notice to the defendant within the juris diction, then the decree could affect only the plaintiff s status of marriage."
DIXMERIE, Nicolas de la. See La Dixmerie.
DIXON, George (1755–1800?), an English navigator, born in 1755. He served under Captain Cook in his third expedition, during which he had an opportunity of learning the commercial capabilities of the north-west coast of America, and was thus prompted to the expedition in con nection with which his own name is celebrated. After his return from Cook's expedition he became a captain in the royal navy. In 1785 he offered his services to the King George's Sound Company of London in making a minute exploration of the north-west coast of America. His offer having been accepted, he set sail in the autumn of that year in command of the “Queen Charlotte,” a companion ship, the “King George,” being under the command of Captain Portlock. The voyage resulted in the discovery of numerous small islands, ports, and bays, of which Queen Charlotte's Island, Port Mulgrave, Norfolk Bay, and Dixon's Archipelago may be named as the most important. From North America he sailed to China, where he disposed of his cargo. He returned to England in 1788. In the following year he published an account of his voyage, entitled A Voyage round the World, but more particularly to the North-West Coast of America, the bulk of which consists of descriptive letters by William Beresford, his super cargo. His own contribution to the work included valuable charts and appendices. In 1791 he published The Navigator's Assistant. He died about 1800.
DIZFUL, or Desful, formerly known as Anda-el-Misk, a town of Persia, in the province of Khuzistan, 36 miles north-west of Shuster, on the right bank of the Shat-el-Diz, or Abzal, a tributary of the Karun, and there crossed by a fine bridge of twenty arches, the lower part of which is of ancient workmanship. It is the principal market of the province, and lies in a fertile district, productive of oranges, lemons, and indigo. The whole vicinity is full of the remains of ancient canals and buildings, which afford conclusive proof of former importance; and Mr Layard identified the spot with the castle of Lethe, or Oblivion, in which Shapur imprisoned the Armenian monarch Arsaces II. The popular identification of the ruins to the east with Jundi Shapur he regarded as a mistake. Population about 15,000.
DMITRIEFF, Ivan Ivanovitch (1760–1837), a Russian statesman and poet, was born at his father's estate in the government of Simbirsk. In consequence of the revolt of Pugacheff, the family had to flee to St Petersburg, and there Ivan was entered at the school of the Semenoff Guards, and afterwards obtained a post in the military service. On the accession of Paul to the imperial throne he quitted the army with the title of colonel; and his appointment as procurator for the senate was soon after re nounced for the position of privy councillor. During the four years from 1810 to 1814 he served as minister of justice under the emperor Alexander ; but at the close of this period he retired into private life, and though he lived more than twenty years, he never again took office, but occupied himself with his literary labours and the collection of books and works of art. In the matter of language he sided with Karamsin, and did good service by his own pen against the Old- Slavonic party. His poems include songs, odes, satires, tales, epistles, &c., as well as the fables partly original and partly translated from Fontaine, Florian, and Arnault on which his fame chiefly rests. Several of his lyrics have become thoroughly popular from the readiness with which they can be sung ; and a short dramatico-epic poem on Yermak, the Cossack conqueror of Siberia, is well known. His writings occupy three volumes in the first five editions ; in the 6th (St Petersburg, 1823) there are only two. His memoirs, to which he devoted the last years of his life, were published at Moscow in 1866.
Moscow, 45 miles due north of the city of that name, in 56 21 N. lat. and 37 31 E. long., near the river Yakhroma, a sub-tributary of the Volga. Besides the Cathedral of the Assumption and Paraskeue, an ancient building originally erected as a nunnery, it possesses seven churches, a monastery, a hospital, an almshouse, and factories for the manufacture of silk, wool, and cotton. The inhabitants also cultivate market-gardens for Moscow, and carry on a moderate trade in grain. The existence of Dmitroff is due to the grand-duke George Vladimirovitch, who happening, during his exile from Kieff, to receive on the spot the news of the birth of his son Demetrius, celebrated the event by founding the city and assigning it as an apanage for his child. Demetrius continued in possession till he was himself called to the grand-ducal
dignity in 1177. In 1304 the town was the seat of a