that his highness for his own glory would leave Dufresny in his excessive indigence as a sole example of the condition of the whole kingdom before the golden days of his regency. As if to furnish a piquant commentary on the proverb that poverty makes us acquainted with strange bed-felloAvs, he married his washerwoman in discharge of her bill a whimsicality which supplied Le Sage with an episode in the Diable Boiteux, and was made the subject of a comedy by J. M. Deschamps Charles Riviere Dufresny, ou le inariaye impromptu. Clever, vei-satile, and superficial, he obtained in his own day a considerable reputation not only as an author and a wit, but also as a landscape gardener and architectural designer : to his great patron he furnished plans for the park at Versailles, and was appointed in return overseer of the royal grounds. He died at Paris in 1728 in a house la inaison de Pline which he had built with the regent s bounty. His plays, destitute for the most part of all higher qualities, but abounding in sprightly Avit and pithy sayings, are no longer acted ; though a few of the many in the six volumes of his Theatre (Paris, 1731) are still read. L 1 esprit de contradiction (first acted in 1700), Le double veuvage (1702), La coquette du village, and Le mariagefait et rompu are reprinted in the second volume of Didot s Chefs d oeuvre des auteurs comiques ; and his con tributions to the Theatre Italien, produced in collaboration with Regnard or Bianco celli, may be found in Gherardi s collection. A volume of Poesies diverses, two volumes of Nouvelles historiques, Leyde, 1692, and Les amusements serieux et comiques d un Siamois, 1807, a work to which Montesquieu was indebted for the idea of his Lettres Per- sanes, complete the list of Dufresny s writings. Two
volumes of CEuvres Choisies were edited by Auger in 1801.DUGDALE, Sir William (1605–1686), an eminent English antiquary, the only son of John Dugdale, Avho belonged to an old Lancashire family, but had sold his pro perty in that county and bought the estate of Shustoke, near Coleshill, in Warwickshire, was born on the 12th September 1605. Ho received the early part of his education from Thomas Sibley, a curate near Shustoke, and attended from his tenth to his fifteenth year the Free School at Coventry, Avhence returning to his father, he read Avith him for some time law and history. In compliance with his father s Avish, who was old and infirm, and desired to see him married before he died, he Avas married at the early age of seventeen to the daughter of a gentleman in the county of Stafford. He lived in his wife's father's house until the death of his own father in 1624, and soon there after Avent to reside at Fillongley, near Shustoke, an estate formerly purchased for him by his father. In 1625 he purchased the manor of Blyth, in the parish of Shustoke, and, preferring it as a place of residence, removed thither in 1626. His inclination to the study of antiquities mani fested itself at an early age, and received its first encourage ment from Samuel Roper, a barrister of Lincoln s Inn. After his settlement at Blyth Hall he made the acquaintance of some gentlemen interested in antiquities, Avho enabled him to obtain a sight of the old " deeds and evidences " of the county families of Warwickshire, and " divers antient writings of consequence," with the view of his writing a history of that county. In 1635 he accompanied Sir Simon Archer to London, and was by him introduced to Sir Henry Spelman, Avhich led to his acquaintance Avith Thomas, earl of Arundell, then earl marshal of England, by whom he was, in 1638, created a pursuivant of arms extra ordinary by the name of Blanche Lyon, and in 1639 rouge-croix pursuivant in ordinary. About this time he agreed to write Ida work on Monastery Foundations, and, having a lodging in the Herald s Office, he now spent much of his time in London in order to augment his collections out of the record i of the Tower and other places in the city, In 1641 Sir Christopher Hatton, a member of the House of Commons, dreading the near approach of the revolutionary storm which soon thereafter broke over England, and the ruin that might then ensue, got him to make exact drafts of all the monuments in Westminster Abbey and the principal churches in England, including Peterborough, Ely, Norwich, Lincoln, Newark, Beverley, South Avell, Kingston-upon-Hull, York, Selby, Chester, Lichfield, TamAvorth, and Wanvick. He received and obeyed, in June 1642, the summons of Charles I. to attend him at York, whither, on the outbreak of the revolution, the king had betaken himself for the sake of greater security. Learning the spread of the revolution in Wanvickshire, Charles deputed him to summon to surrender the castle of Banbury, in Oxford, and the castle of Wanvick, which were being rapidly filled with ammunition and rebels. Banbury obeyed, but Wanvick, being better prepared, con temned the summons and its inmates Avere proclaimed traitors. He also summoned the city of Coventry ; ana, accompanying Sir Richard Willys as guide, he was present at the battle of Cudworth Field, the result of vhich he communicated to the king. He remained at Oxford Avith the king till the surrender of the garrison in 1646, and witnessed the battle of Edgehill, of the field of which he made af tenvards an exact survey, noting IIOAV the armies were drawn up, and Avhere and in Avhat direction the A r arious move ments took place, and marking the graves of the slain. In November 1642 he Avas admitted M.A. of the university, and in 1644 the king created him Chester-Herauld. While at Oxford he made a journey to Worcester, where AA-ith the purpose of increasing his collections for his history of Warwickshire- he perused the registers of the bishop and of the dean and chapter ; and during his Oxford leisure he applied himself also to the search for antiquities in the libraries and in the private houses. When Oxford sur rendered he continued his antiquarian researches in London along with Richard DodsAvorth for their joint work on the monasteries, Avhich Avas published successively in single volumes in 1655, 1664, and 1673. At the Restoration he obtained the office of Norroy king-at-arms, and in 1677 Avas created garter principal king-at-arms, and was knighted. He died at Blyth Hall, 10th February 1686.
Besides the Avorks of Wanvickshire, published in 1656, and Monasticon Anglicanum, republished in 6 A ols. in 1817-30, and again in 8 volumes in 1846, Sir William Dugdale is the author of History of St Paul s Cathedral (1658), the Laronage of Englaiul (3 vols. 1675–6), and other works of less importance. His life, written by himself up to 1678, with his diary and correspondence, and an index to his manuscript collections, was edited by William Hamper, and puolished in 1827.
forming, along Avhich the Sea-CoAvs (Manatus), and the noAv extinct Rhytina, the sub-order Sirenia. In this genus the head is small, and is abruptly truncated in front, the snout being remarkably obtuse and furnished with bristles. The intermaxillary bones are enormously developed, and from these proceed two large incisor teeth or tusks, which are well developed in the male, but which in the female are arrested in their growth, and remain concealed beneath the surface. There are never more than five molar teeth on each side of either jaAA-, or twenty in all, and these are flat on the grinding surface. The nippers are unprovided with nails, and the tail is broad, and differs from that of the manatee in being crescent-shaped instead of rounded. Tho bones are very hard and firm, and take a polish equal to that of ivory. The dugongs frequent the shalloAV Avaters of the tropical seas, extending from the east coast of Africa north of the mouth of the Zambesi river, along the shores of the Indian, Malayan, and Australian seas, where they may be seen basking on the surface of the Avater, or brows
ing on submarine pastures of A.lg<x and Fuel, for Avhich tho