E N E N R 449 which both the dialogue and the " recitative " are com posed. But the work which gained him his reputation as the Homer of Rome, and which called forth the tribute of affectionate admiration from Cicero and Lucretius, and that of frequent imitation from Virgil, was the Annales, a long narrative poem in eighteen books, containing the record of the national story from mythical times to the years during which the poem was written. Although the whole conception of the work implies that confusion of the provinces of poetry and history which was perpetuated by later writers, and especially by Lucan and Silius, yet it was a true instinct of genius to discern in the idea of the national destiny the only possible motive of a Roman epic. The execution of the poem (to judge of it by the fragments, amounting to about six hundred lines, which have been preserved) although rough, unequal, and often prosaic, seems to have combined the realistic fidelity and freshness of feeling of a contemporary chronicle with the vivifying and idealizing power of genius. He prided himself especially on being the first to form the strong speech of Latium into the mould of the Homeric hexameter. And although it took several generations of poets to beat their music out to the perfection of the Virgilian cadences, yet in the rude adaptation of Ennius the secret of what ultimately became one of the grandest organs of literary expression was first discovered and revealed. The inspiring idea of the poem was accepted, purified of all alien material, and realized in artistic shape by Virgil in his national epic. He deliberately imparted to that poem the charm of antique associations by incorporating with it much of the phraseology and sentiment of Ennius. The occasional references to Roman history in Lucretius are evidently reminiscences of the Annals. He as well as Cicero speaks of him with pride and affection as "Ennius noster." Of the great Roman writers Horace had least sympathy with, him ; yet he testifies to the high esteem in which he was held during the Augustan age. Ovid expresses the grounds of that esteem when he characterizes him as " Ingenio maximus, avte rudis." A sentence of Quintilian expresses the feeling of rever ence for his genius and character, mixed with distaste for his rude workmanship, with which the Romans of the early empire regarded him : "" Let us revere Ennius as we revere the sacred groves, hallowed by antiquity, whose massive and venerable oak trees are not so remarkable for beauty as for the religious awe which they inspire" (fust. Or. x. i. 88). From his own application of the epithet "sanctus" to poets, which may be compared to the application by Lucretius of the same word to the great discoverers in philosophy, and to the " pii vates " of Virgil, we may learn something of the earnest spirit in which he wrote for his countrymen the great story of their fathers deeds. " Aspicite, cives, scnis Etini imagini forma m ; Hie vestrum panxit maxima facta patrum." The best edition of his fragments is that of Vahlen, published in 1854. The remains ofhis tragedies are edited also in llibbcek s Trayicorum Laf.inorum Rdiquim, published in 1852. These remains are critically discussed in the RiJmischc Tragddie of the same author, published in 1875. (W. Y. S. ) ENOCH. Four persons of this name are mentioned in the Old Testament Scriptures. The first was the eldest son of Cain, who called a city which he built by the same name as his first-born (Gen. iv. 17). In the English Authorized Version Enoch appears, in the form Hunoch, as the name of the eldest son of Reuben (Gen. xlvi. 9) and of a son of Midtan (Gen. xxv. 4). Tho name is most familiar, however, as that of the son of Jared and the father of Methusaleh, whose life is told in Gen. v. 18-24, and further illustrated in Heb. xi. 5. The evident meaning of the two passages taken together is that Enoch, after a life of close intercourse with the spiritual world, which lasted for 365 years, was translated to heaven without dying. The symbolic meaning of the numbers connected with his life has not escaped notice. He was " the seventh from Adam " (Jude 14), and this has been held to typify his perfection. On the fact that his years are the same in number as the days of an ordinary solar year a mythical interpretation of the story of his life has been offered which seems more ingenious than sound. According to this, Enoch is the god of the new year. The year " is not " at the .end of 365 days, but is immediately renewed. Enoch s chief importance in Old Testament history consists in the fact that along with Elijah he is a palpable witness to the doctrine of immortality. Later traditions, founded pro bably on the apocryphal book which bears his name, re present him as the inventor of arithmetic and astronomy. On the book of Enoch, see APOCALYPTIC LITERATURE, vol. ii. p. 175. ENOS (the ancient ^Enos), a seaport town in the metropolitan province of European Turkey, vilayet of Adrianople and sandjak of Gallipoli, is situated on the south side of the Gulf of Enos, 38 miles N.W. of Gallipoli and 80 miles S.W. of Adrianople. It is connected with Adrianople by the river Maritza, and for a long time has been its principal seaport ; but on account of its harbour having become partially choked by a sandbank, and the fact that Adrianople is now connected by rail with the neighbouring port De dd-Agatch, its trade is gradually declining. The deposits which have accumulated in the harbour are the cause of fevers which at certain periods almost decimate the population. Population about 7000. ENRIQUEZ GOMEZ, ANTONIO, the name finally adopted by a Spanish dramatist and poet, who was the son of Don Diego Enriquez Villauueva, a converted Portuguese Jew, and during the first part of his public life was known as Enrique Enriquez de Paz. He was born in Seville, pro bably between 1600 and 1602, and obtained a classical education. His twentieth year was hardly out when he entered the army, and his military services procured him, not only the rank of captain, but also admission into the Portuguese order of San Miguel de Avis. About 1629 a number of comedies from his pen were represented in the theatre of Madrid, the Cardenal de Albornoz and Fenian Mendez Pinto being especially applauded; and he was probably still in the capital in 1635, when there appeared his Fama pbstuma d la vida y muerte de Lope de Veya- Fear of persecution on account of his suspected Jewish proclivities seems to have led him to leave Spain in 1636 ; and in 1638 we find him in France, where he remained for eleven years, became councillor and majordomo to Louis XIII., and continued assiduously to write and publish. Shortly after 1656 he settled in Amsterdam, and in the religious tolerance of that city made open avowal of his Judaism, and thus had the honour of appearing in effigy in the great anto-da-fe celebrated in Seville on April 14, 1660. The date of his death is not known, but it was probably not many years later. He had at least one son, Diego Enriquez Basurto, who in 1649 published at Rouen El triumpho de la virtud y paciencia de Job. As a writer Enriquez is characterized by ready invention and a " fatal facility " of execution; and especially in his later works his style is full of extravagances. His Academias morales de las Musas, Bordeaux, 1642, contains, besides three other comedies, A lo que obliga el honor, which was the foundation of Calderon s Medico de su honor. El siglo pitagorico y vida de don Gregorio Gitadana, Rouen, 1644, 1647, and 16S7 (reprinted at Brussels by F. Foppens in 1727, and by Rivadeneyra in torn, xxxiii. of his Biblioteca de Autores
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