| XXX | (357) | XXX |
v ' 357 A R C H I T E C T U R E. the breadth of the aperture; and their height may be the fides aftd top of the apertflre, on which are placed* from eight diameters to eight and a half. The entablaa regular frize and cornice. Sometimes the cornice is ture mud fbmewhat lefs than one quarter of the fupported by a couple of confoles placed on each fide of height of thebe columns; the height of the pediment the door; and fometimes, befides an architrave, the a- may be one quarter of and bafe. perture is adorned with columns, pilafters, caryatides, Fig. 5. Is a door in theits falon of the Farnefe at Rome, or termini; and a regular entablature with a pediment. defigned by Vignola. The aperture forms a double Infide-doors, however fmall the building may be, fhould never' be narrower than two feet nine inches ; nor fquare. The entablature is equal to three elevenths of fhould they ever, in private houfes, exceed three feet its height, the architrave being one of thefe elevenths; fix inches in breadth, which is more than fufficient to ad- and the whole ornament on the fides, confiding of the mit the bulkieft perfon. Their height ftiould at leaft be architrave and piladers, is equal to two fevenths of the fix feet three or four inches; otherwife a tall perfoacan- breadth of the aperture: The cornice is Compofite, ennot pafs without (looping. In churches, palaces, <bc.' riched with mutules and dentils; and .the frize is adornwhere there is a conftant ingrefs and egrefs of people, ed with a fedoon of laurel. the apertures mud be larger. The fmalleft breadth that Fig. 6. Is copied from a door at Florence, faid to be can be given to a gate is 84- or 9 feet, which is but jult a defign of Cigoli’s. The height of the aperture is a trifle more than twice its breadth. It is archEd; and fufficient for the paflage of a coach. Plate XXXI. Fig. x. Is a ruftic door, compofed by the ^mpod is equal to half a diameter. The columns the celebrated Vignola, in which the aperture occupies are Ionic, fomewhat above nine diameters high ; and two thirds of the whole height, and one half of the their (hafts are garnifhed each with five rudic ciilAures. whole breadth; the figure of it being a double fquare. The entablature is lefs than one quarter of the column ; The ruftics may be either fmooth or hatched; their joints and the breadth of the tablet, in which there is an inmud'form a reftangle, and the breadth of each joint may fcripticm, is equal to the breadth of. the aperture. be one third, or two fevenths, of the vertical lurface of a rudic. The joints of the claveaux, or key-dones, OF WINDOWS. mud be drawn to the fummit of an equilateral triangle, whofe bafe is tire top of the aperture. The architrave The fird confideration with regard to windows, is furrounding the aperture may be compofed either of a their fize, which varies according to the climate, the delarge ogee and fillet, or of a plat-band and fillet. Its dination of the building, isc. In Britain, the windows whole breadth mud be one tenth of the breadth of the of the fmalled private houfes are commonly from 3 to aperture; the remaining part of each pier being for the 3-I- feet broad ; and being generally twice their breadth rudics. The entablature is Tufcan: The^prnice is in height, or fomewhat more, in the principal apartments, to be one fifteenth of the whole height of the door; and they generally rife to within a foot or two of the ceilings what remains below it being divided into twenty-one of the rooms, which are frequently no higher than 10 oqual parts, the two uppermod of them will be for the feet, and at mod 12,or 13. But, in more confiderable frize and architrave, and the remaining nineteen for the houfes, the apartments are from 15 to 20 feet high, and fometimes more; eet and in thefe the windows are from rudics and plinth at the foot of the door. Fig. 2. Is a difpofition of Michael Angelo’s. The 4 to 5 and 5-4 f broad, and high in proportion. windows of the Capitol at Rome are of this kind; and Thefe dimenfions are fufficient for dwelling-houfes of Sir Chridopher Wren hath executed doors of the fame any fize in this country; when they are larger, they adkind under the femicircular porches in the flanks of St mit too much of the cold air in winter. But churches, Paul’s. The figure of the aperture may be a double and other buildings of that kind, may have larger winfquare; the architrave one fixth of the breadth of the dows, proportioned to the fize of the drudtures. aperture; and the whole entabla'.ure one quarter of its The proportions of the apertures of windows depend height. The front of the piladers or columns, on each upon their fituatibn. Their breadth in all the dories fide, mud be on a line with the fafcia of the architrave; mud be the fame ; but the different heights of the apartments make it neceffary to vary the height of the winand their breadth mud be a femidiameter. Fig. 3. Is likewife a defign of Vignola’s. It is of dows likewife. In the principal floor, it may be from the Corinthian order, and executed in the Cancellaria at 2-|- of the breadth to 2-f, according as the rooms have Rome. The height is equal to double its breadth ; and more or lefs elevation. In the ground-dory, where the the whole ornament at the top is equal to one third of apartments are lower, the apertures of the windows felthe height of the aperture. The architrave is in breadth dom exceed a double fquare; and, when they are in a one fifth of the breadth.of the aperture; and the pila- rudic bafement, they are frequently made much lower. ders that fupport the confoles, are half as broad a^ the The height of the windows of the fecond floor may be architrave. The whole is well imagined, but rather from 14-of their breadth to if; and Attics and Mezzaheavy; and it will be bed to reduce the architrave to nines may be.either a perfedtfquare, or fomewhat lower. one fixth of the aperture, dimini filing the entablature The windows of the principal floor are generally mod proportionally. enriched. The fimpled method of adorning them is, Fig. 4. Is a defign .of Seriio’s. The aperture may with an architrave furrounding the aperture, and crownbe either twice as high as broad, or a trifle lefs. The ed with a frize and cornice. The windows of the ..diameter of the columns may be equal to one quarter of ground-floor are fometimes left entirely plain, without Vol. I. No. 15. 3 4X any
