C A I
C A L
CAHERAH, or Al-caherah, the capital of Egypt, which we call Grand Cairo. See Cairo.
CAHLO, the name by which ſome call the lupus piſcis or wolf fiſh.
CAHORS, the capital of the territory of Querci, in the province of Guienne in France, ſituated about forty-five miles north of Tholouſe: E. long. 1°, N. lat. 44° 25′.
It is the ſee of a biſhop, and has an univerſity.
CAHYS, a dry meaſure for corn, uſed in ſome parts of Spain, particularly at Seville and as Cadiz. It is near a buſhel of our meaſure.
CAJANABURG, the capital of the province of Cajania, or eaſt Bothnia in Sweden, ſituated on the north-eaſt part of the lake Cajania, about three hundred miles north-eaſt of Abo: E. long. 27°, N. lat. 63° 50′.
CAJAZZO, a town of the province of Lavoro in the kingdom of Naples ſituated about ſixteen miles north-eaſt of the city of Naples: E. long. 15°, N. lat. 41° 15′.
CAJEPUT, an oil brought from the E. Indies, which reſembles that of cardamoms.
CAIFUM, a city of China, ſituated in the province of Honan, on the river Crocceus, three hundred and fifty miles north-weſt of Nanking: E. long. 113° 30′, and N. lat. 35°.
CAIMACAN, or Caimacam, in the Turkiſh affairs, a dignity in the Ottoman empire, anſwering to lieutenant, or rather deputy, among us.
There are uſually two caimacans, one reſiding at Conſtantinople, as governor thereof; the other attending the grand vizir, in quality of his lieutenant, ſecretary of ſtate, and firſt minister of his council; and gives audience to ambaſſadors. Sometimes there is a third caimacan, who attends the ſultan; whom he acquaints with any public diſturbances, and receives his orders concerning them.
CAIMAN, or Caiman-islands, certain American iſlands lying ſouth of Cuba, and north-weſt of Jamaica, between 81° and 86° of W. long. and in 21° of N. lat.
They are moſt remarkable on account of the fiſhery of tortoiſe, which the people of Jamaica catch here, and carry home alive, keeping them in pens for food and killing them as they want them.
CAINIANS, or Cainites, in church hiſtory, Chriſtian heretics, that ſprung up about the year 130, and took their name from Cain, whom they looked upon as their head and father: They ſaid that he was formed by a celeſtial and almighty power, and that Abel was made but by a weak one.
This ſect adopted all that was impure in the hereſy of the gnoſtics, and other heretics of those times: They acknowledged a power ſuperior to that of the Creator; the former they called Wiſdom, the latter, Inferior Virtue: They had a particular veneration for Korah, Abiram, Eſau, Lot, the Sodomites, and eſpecially Judas, because his treachery occaſioned the death of Jeſus Chriſt: They even made uſe of a goſpel, which bore that falſe apoſtle's name.
CAINITO, in botany. See Chrysopyllum.
CAIRO, or Grand Cairo, the capital of Egypt, ſituated in a plain at the foot of a mountain, about two miles eaſt of the Nile, and 100 miles ſouth of the mouth of that river: E. long. 32°, N. lat. 30°.
The town is ten miles in circumference, and full of inhabitants. The caſtle ſtands on the ſummit of a hill, at the ſouth end of the town, and is three miles round. The Britiſh and other European ſtates have their conſuls and factors here, for the protection of trade.
CAIROAN, a town of the kingdom of Tunis in Africa, ſituated on the river Magrida, about eighty miles ſouth of Tunis: E. long. 9°, N. lat. 36°.
CAINS, a name given to the Greeks in the iſle of Crete, who revolt from the Turks to the Venetians.
CAISSON, in the military art, a wooden cheſt, into which ſeveral bombs are put, and ſometimes only filled with gun-powder: This is buried under ſome work whereof the enemy intends to poſſeſs themſelves, and, when they are maſters of it, is fired, in order to blow them up.
Caisson is alſo uſed for a wooden frame or cheſt, uſed in laying the foundations of the piers of a bridge.
CAITHNESS. See Cathness.
CAKILE, in botany. See Bunias.
CALABA, in botany. See Calophyllum.
CALABASH-tree, in botany. See Crescentia.
CALABRIA, the moſt ſoutherly part of the kingdoms of Naples, ſituated over againſt Sicily.
There are two provinces of Calabria called the Hither and Farther Calabria, with reſpect to the city of Naples; Coſenza being the capital of the former, and Rheggio of the latter.
CALADE, in the menage, the deſcent or ſloping declivity of a riſing menage ground, being a ſmall eminence upon which we ride down a horſe ſeveral times, putting him to a ſhort gallop, with his fore-hams in the air, to make him learn to ply or bend his haunches, and form his ſtop upon the aids of the calves of the legs, the ſtay of the bridle, and the caveſon ſeaſonably given.
CALAHORRA, a city of Old Caſtile in Spain, ſituated on the river Ebro, near the confines of Navarre, about ſixty miles north-weſt of Saragoſſa: W. long. 2°, N. lat. 42° 20′.
CALAIS, a port-town of Picardy in France, ſituated on the English channel, about twenty-two miles ſouth-eaſt of Dover: E. long. 2°, N. lat. 51°.
CALAMANCO, a ſort of woolen ſtuff manufactured in England and in Brabant. It has a fine gloſs, and is chequered in the warp, whence the checks appear only on the right ſide. Some calamancos are quite plain, others have broad ſtripes adorned with flowers; ſome with plain-broad ſtripes, ſome with narrow ſtripes, and others watered.
CALAMINARIS, or Lapis Calaminaris, in natural hiſtory, a kind of foſſil, the general ore of zinc, of a ſpungy ſubſtance and a lax and cavernous texture, yet conſiderably heavy.
It is of no determinate ſhape or ſize, but is found in maſſes of a very various and irregular figure. It is,
