VIRGINIA BIOGRAPHY
959
tive land and were forced to endure the
greatest hardships and privations in mak-
ing a home amid the forests and swamps of
South CaroHna. The records of that state
show an order issued November 2, 1678. for
the survey oi lands for Richard Gillard
(Gaillard). Bartholomew and John Gaillard
v,-ere in the attempted settlement at James-
town, South Carolina. May 22, 1692. when
the former issued power of attorney to the
latter. On the list of those naturalized,
June 3. 1697, number 62 was Peter Gail-
lard "ne a Cherneux du Poiton," son of
Pierre Gaillard and Jacquete Jolain. By
his will, made 1710, this Peter Gaillard left
five pounds to the church. Another pio-
neer of the name was Joachim, son of Jean
Gaillard and Marie Gaillard, of Montpelier.
in Languedoc, France. James Gaillard, re-
siding on the east side of the Santee river
in Prince Frederick parish, died i/fiS. Peter
Gaillard, born 1757. introduced the culti-
vation of Sea Island cotton after the failure
of the indigo industry, and was considered
among the greatest benefactors of his state.
Among the most distinguished of the name
in the state was Theodore Gaillard, an at-
torney, who was many years a member of
the state legislature and speaker of the
house, and was elected, in 1808, a judge of
the court at equity. After tilling this sta-
tion twenty-four years, he resigned and was
elevated to the bench of general sessions
and common pleas. He died in 1829. An-
other was John Gaillard. who was a member
o' both house and senate in the state legis-
lature, and was elected to the United States
senate in 1804 to fill an unexpired term.
He was three times re-elected ; was nine
times elected president pro tem.. and pre-
sided over the deliberations of that body
fourteen years. He died in 1826 and was
buried in the Congressional Cemetery.
Dr. Edward Samuel Gaillard was born January 16, 1827, in the Charlestown dis- trict of South Carolina, and died in 1885, in Louisville, Kentucky. He graduated from the University of South Carolina in 1845, and from the medical college of the same institution in 1854. For the succeeding ihree years he practiced his profession in I lorida, and then settled in New York City. After a trip to F.urope he continued prac- tice in New York City, and in i860 re- ceived the Fisher Fund Prize for an essay on Ozone. In the spring of 1861, on account
of the outbreak of the Civil war, being loyal
to his home state, he removed to Balti-
more, and soon after entered the Confeder-
ate army, with which he served throughout
the Civil war. In May, 1865, he resumed
the practice of medicine at Richmond, \'ir-
ginia. and in the following year established
the "Richmond Medical Journal." Two
\ears later he removed to Louisville and
ct>ntinued the publication under the title of
"Richmond and Louisville Medical Jour-
nal." In July, 1874. he established the
"American Medical Weekly," and in June.
1867, was made professor of general path-
ology and pathological anatomy in the Med-
ical College of \'irginia. In the following
May he was appointed to the same chair in
the Kentucky School of Medicine, at Louis-
\ ille. In 1869 he became professor of prin-
ciples and practice of medicine and general
pathology in the Louisville Medical School,
of which he was the first dean. At the
battle of Seven Pines, in May, 1862, he lost
his right hand, and subsequently conducted
his literary and special work under difficul-
ties. He was a member of many medical
associations and societies and received a
prize for an essay on diphtheria. In 1873,
the University of North Carolina conferred
on him the degrees of Master of Arts and
Doctor of Laws. He also bore the degree
of Doctor of Philosophy. He married jMary
Elizabeth Gibson, born 1848, daughter of
Dr. Charles Bell Gibson, of V'irginia, and
Ellen (Eyrel Gibson, of Philadelphia, Penn-
sylvania. Dr. Charles Bell Gibson was a
graduate of the University of Virginia, and
served as surgeon-general of the Confed-
erate army during the Civil war.
William Eyre Gibson Gaillard, son of Dr. Edward Samuel and Mary Elizabeth ( Gib- son) Gaillard, was born March i, 1877, at Louisville, Kentucky, and was educated at Trinity School, New York City. In Alarch. 1893, h^ entered upon his business career in the office of Stephen Van Rensselaer Cruger & Company, whose business, the uTanagement of estates, had been founded in 179^), principally to manage large land grants and develop the holdings of the Pa- troon, Kiliaen Van Rensselaer, who obtain- ed extensive grants at .Albany from the gov- ernment of Holland in January, 1630. This business was continued under various man- agers without interruption, and the immedi- ate predecessors of the firm with whom Mr.
