1922 MARSIGLIO OF PADUA 511 this quotation from Ennius, or to finish his history of Lewis of Bavaria : for which he asks Marsiglio for material Unum, oro, dilecte mihi, si castra sequeris, Progressus, actusque notas, et fortia facta, Quae mandare meo possim distincta libello. It is doubtful whether he ever obtained his request. From Milan Lewis, now accompanied by the brilliant Castruccio Castracani of Lucca, made his way towards Rome, which he entered in triumph on 10 January 1328 at the invitation of the people. Six days later Lewis and his wife attended a gorgeous assembly in St. Peter's : two bishops, Albert of Venice and Gerard of Aleria, bestowed the unction, while Sciarra Colonna, as delegate of the people, placed the imperial crown of gold on his head, the first emperor, says Villani, to be crowned by any but the pope or papal legate. In this act we observe the influence of Marsiglio, with whom it was a commonplace that the people of Rome had the right to choose their emperor, a power they exercised on this unique occasion. As a logical consequence John XXII was publicly deposed in April, after a long harangue composed, according to Mussato, 1 by Marsiglio, now spiritual vicar 2 of the city, and his friend Ubertino of Casale. In May the minorite Peter of Corvara, created antipope, adopted the title Nicholas V and bestowed on his master a last and fourth coronation. Yet for all this the fickle populace grew tired of the emperor and the pope of their choice. In August the royal party, disappointed and derided, marched northwards to Pisa, where a parliament of the notables was held in December. The following December, 1329, saw them once more in Trent. It has been for long maintained that the disastrous expedition to Rome was fatal both to Marsiglio and to John of Jandun, in the year 1328. The death of the former is recorded 3 by John Villani as taking place at Montalto during the march of the imperial train from Corneto, which they left on 10 September, to Grosseto, where they arrived on 15 September. Le Roux de Lincy and Tisserand 4 accept this statement, and proceed to suppose that John of Jandun lived until 1376 to translate the Defensor Pads into French : but their opinion in both cases is refuted by two facts. Marsiglio lived on till 1342, when he wrote a tract on marriage and the Defensor Minor, while on the other hand Clement VI expressly 5 says that both heretics were dead 1 Muratori, x. 773. 3 Bull of 15 April 1328, in Riezler, Vat. Akt. no. 999 ' dictusque Marsilius prae- textu vicariatus quern ibidem [sc. Rome] sibi per dictum Ludovicum commissum asserit.' 3 Muratori, xiii. 664. 4 Le Roux, pp. 6 and 12. 6 Hofler, Aus Avignon, in the Abhandlungen der Icon, bohmischen Gesellschaft (Prague,
