PART I.—THE ESPERANTO
GRAMMAR.
The Alphabet.
GRAMMAR.
The Alphabet.
1. There are twenty-eight letters in the alphabet, viz.:—
Aa, | Dd, | Ĝĝ, | Jj, | Mm, | Rr, | Uu, | ||
Bb, | Ee, | Hh, | Ĵĵ, | Nn, | Ss, | Ŭŭ, | ||
Cc, | Ff, | Ĥĥ, | Kk, | Oo, | Ŝŝ, | Vv, | ||
Ĉĉ, | Gg, | Ii, | Ll, | Pp, | Tt, | Zz. |
2. With the exception of the following, these letters are pronounced exactly as in English:—
A | is | always | pronounced | as | "a" in father. |
E | ,, | ,, | ,, | ,, | "e" in they. |
I | ,, | ,, | ,, | ,, | "ee" in seen. |
O | ,, | ,, | ,, | ,, | "o" in so. |
U | ,, | ,, | ,, | ,, | "u" in rule. |
C | ,, | ,, | ,, | ,, | "ts" in bits. |
Ĉ | ,, | ,, | ,, | ,, | "ch" in church. |
G | ,, | ,, | ,, | ,, | "g" in good. |
Ĝ | ,, | ,, | ,, | ,, | "g" in gem. |
Ĥ | ,, | ,, | ,, | ,, | "ch" in loch. |
J | ,, | ,, | ,, | ,, | "y" in yes. |
Ĵ | ,, | ,, | ,, | ,, | "s" in vision. |
S | ,, | ,, | ,, | ,, | "s" in basin, never like "s" in rose. |
Ŝ | ,, | ,, | ,, | ,, | "sh" in she. |
Aŭ | ,, | ,, | ,, | ,, | "ow" in how. |
Aj | ,, | ,, | ,, | ,, | "i" in nigh |
Oj | ,, | ,, | ,, | ,, | "oy" in boy. |
Eŭ | ,, | ,, | ,, | ,, | "eh-oo" as in the words "they who." |
Ej | ,, | ,, | ,, | ,, | "ayi" in saying. |
Uj | ,, | ,, | ,, | ,, | "ui" in ruin. |
Note.—Dr. Zamenhof permits the substitution of the letter "h" for the accent, in all cases of ch, gh, hh, jh, and sh.