viii
SYNOPTICAL TABLE
page - Sec. 1. Of affections and feelings included in our moral judgments................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
231 - 3. Moral disapprobation................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
233 - 6. Social ties auxiliary to virtue, unfavourable to vice................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
235 - 7. Consequences of remorse................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
ib. - 8. Operations of the faculty called moral sense................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
236 CHAPTER VIII. - OBSERVATIONS CONCERNING CONSCIENCE................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
237 - Sec. 1. Our judgment of moral conduct advances from infancy by insensible degrees................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
ib. - 3. Scepticism twofold................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
238 - 8. The intention or end of our active powers obvious................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
241 - 9. Office of conscience................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
242 - 10. Stoical perfection ideal................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
243 - 12. Extravagance of Mysticism................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
ib.
ESSAY IV.
ON THE LIBERTY OF MORAL AGENTS.
CHAPTER I.- THE NOTIONS OF MORAL LIBERTY AND NECESSITY STATED................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
246 - Sec. 1. Moral liberty................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
ib. - 2. The voluntary actions of brutes, determined by the present predominant passion................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
247 - 7. Three additional meanings of the word liberty................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
249 CHAPTER II. - OF THE WORDS CAUSE AND EFFECT, ACTION, AND ACTIVE POWER................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
251 - Sec. 1. The use of ambiguous terms has impeded our reasonings about moral liberty................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
ib. - 2. Active power................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
252 - 5. Recapitulation................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
254 CHAPTER III. - CAUSES OF THE AMBIGUITY OF THOSE WORDS................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
255 - Sec. 1. Premature conclusion as to objects indued with motion................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
ib. - 6. A chief cause of the imperfection of language................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
257 - 8. Absurd theories of philosophers to explain causation................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
259 - 9. Not mischievous................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
ib. - Sec. 10. Proof of a Deity on these principles presents no difficulty................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
260 CHAPTER IV. - OF THE INFLUENCE OF MOTIVES................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
261 - Sec. 6. Motives of the same kind may be compared................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
264 - 8. Animal test of the strength of motives................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
265 - 9. Rational motives defined................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
266 - 10. Rational test of the strength of motives................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
ib. - 14. The supposition of necessity precludes rewards and punishments—liberty gives efficacy to both................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
268 CHAPTER V. - LIBERTY CONSISTENT WITH GOVERNMENT................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
269 - Sec. 1. Mechanical and moral government................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
ib. - 7. The moral government of God consistent with liberty................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
273 CHAPTER VI. - FIRST ARGUMENT................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
275 - Sec. 3. The belief of acting freely is coeval with our reason, universal, and necessary................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
278 - 5. Exceptions................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
279 CHAPTER VII. - SECOND ARGUMENT................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
282 - Sec. 1. Certain first principles universally conceded................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
ib. CHAPTER VIII. - THIRD ARGUMENT................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
286 - Sec. 2. Argument from analogy................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
286 - 3. Its application................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
287 - 4. Objection and answer................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
ib. CHAPTER IX. - OF ARGUMENTS FOR NECESSITY................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
289 - Sec. 1. Three classes of arguments against human liberty................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
ib. - 2. Boast of Leibnitz................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
ib. - 3. Identity of indiscernibles................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
290 - 4. Leibnitz' proof of the truth of his principle only a petitio principii................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
ib. - 5. Three meanings of the principle of "a sufficient reason" applied to the determinations of the will................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
291 - 6. The principle further examined................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
ib.
