192
INDEX.
- Reproductive organs, development of, 129.
- Reptiles, affinities, 63.
- classification of, 62.
- development of, 131.
- growth of, 61.
- Rhabdocœla, 35.
- Rhea, 66.
- Rhinoceros, 9, 139.
- Rhizocarpæ, 94.
- Riccia, 89.
- Rocks, age of, no.
- aqueous, 108.
- Azoic, 109.
- classification of, 124.
- Paleozoic, 109.
- Plutonic, 108.
- study of, 107.
- Rotatoria, 36.
- structure of, 38.
- Ruminants, 148.
- developments of, 139.
- stomachs of, 73.
- Sagitta, 39.
- Salamander, 59, 61.
- Salmon, 57.
- Salvinia, 96, 98.
- Sandstone, New Red, 117.
- Saprolegnia, 85.
- Sargassum, 81.
- Saurophalli, 67.
- Sauropsida, 71.
- Savages, intelligence of, 167.
- life of, 155, 168.
- Schoharie Grit, 109.
- Scolecida, 34.
- Scotch fir, 144.
- Sea-cow, 70.
- Sea-cucumbers, 42.
- Sea-urchins, 42.
- Sea-weed, red, 82.
- Sebright, Sir John, 149.
- Secondary Age, 109.
- Selaginella, 95.
- leaves of, 99.
- Selection, artificial, 149.
- sexual, 153.
- Sepals, 97.
- Sepidæ, 62.
- Sertularia, 28.
- Sex, difference in, 152.
- Sexual selection, 153.
- Shad, 57.
- Sharks, 56.
- Sharks, fossil 115, 119.
- Sheep, 139.
- Sigillariæ 116.
- Silurian formation, 113.
- Sipunculus, 36.
- Siredon, 60, 154.
- Siren, 59.
- Skeleton, modifications of, 157.
- Skin, development of, 129.
- Skull, characters of, 170.
- Neanderthal, 173.
- structure of, 53.
- Sloth, 70, 142.
- organization of, 137.
- peculiarities of, 76.
- Smuts, 83.
- Snake, relationship of, 62.
- Soft Worms, vessels of, 36.
- Sounds of Birds and Insects, 152.
- Speech, articulate, 171.
- growth of, 172.
- Spencer, Herbert, 10, 11.
- Spener, 62.
- Sphrerocarpus, 89.
- Spiders, 44.
- Spines, production of, 152.
- Spirobranchiee, 46.
- Spirogyra, 80.
- Sponge, 23.
- Spontaneous generation, meaning of, 21.
- Sporangium, 90.
- Sporendonema, 86.
- Sporocarps, 94.
- Stages, transitional, 13.
- Stamens, 97.
- Star-fish, description of, 40.
- origin of, 41.
- Stigma, 97.
- Stomata, 89.
- St. Cuthbert's beads, 42, 112.
- St. Hilaire, 14.
- Structures, transitory, 132, 134.
- Struggle for existence, 143.
- examples of, 144, 145.
- Sturgeon, 56, 115.
- Style, 97.
- Stylospores, 84.
- Survival of the fittest, 149.
- Tænia, 35.
- Tape-worm, history of, 36.
- Tapir, 9, 139.
- Tardigrada, 38.
- Teeth, 170.