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If the marks in fig. 15 be supposed to represent Fig, 15, the tops of the heaps, an idea of the whole will be obtained. Three inches along these heap eight, but across them it included fifteen nearly. These numbers are therefore the relation of length to breadth. But along the; lines of the quadrilateral arrangement three inches included eleven heaps, which, notwithstanding the difference in form, is the same number that was produced by the same plate, with the same depths of water, when the heaps were round; therefore an equal number of heaps existed in the same area in both cases; and the departure from perfect rectangular arrangement, and also the ratio of 1:2, is probably due to some slight influence of the sides of the plate.
85. When mercury covered with a film of very dilute nitric acid is vibrated (77), the rectangular arrangement is constantly obtained. When vibrated under dilute ink (78), it is still more beautifully seen and distinguished. The tin plate sustaining the mercury was square, and when the whole surface was covered with crispations, the lines of the rectangular arrangement were always at angles of 45° to its edges.
86. When sand is sprinkled uniformly over a plate on which large water crispations are produced, i. e. four, five or six in the inch, it gives some very important indications. It immediately becomes arranged under the water, and with a little method may be made to yield very regular forms.
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It is always removed from under the heaps, passing to the parts between them, and frequently producing therefore the accompanying form, fig. 16, of great regularity. As the sand figure remains when the vibration has ceased, it allows of the determination of position, the measurement of intervals, &c. very conveniently.
87. Very often the lines of sand are not continuous, but separated with extreme regularity into portions, as represented fig. 17. The portions of these lines were sometimes, with little sand on the plate, very small, fig. 18; and when more sand was present they were thickened occasionally, fig. 19; then assuming the appearance of heaps arranged in straight lines at angles of 45° to the lines regulating the position of the
