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natives of all the States. It is by some supposed that Canuck is a corruption of Connaught, the name applied by French-Canadians to the Irish, from which it would follow that, by a process of inversion, a nickname given by one section of a nation to another has, in course of time, been applied to the whole. Others, however, think the first syllable of 'Canada' has been joined to the Algonkin Indian substantive termination uc or uq.]
Canary or Canary-Bird, subs. (thieves').—1. A prisoner; a very old cant term for habitual offenders; or, as Grose says [1785], 'a person used to be kept in a cage' (q.v.). The same idea occurs in some foreign equivalents, e.g., the French, oiseau de cage, and the German, Kastener, from Kasten, a chest or case. For synonyms, see Wrong 'un.
1673.—Head, Canting Academy, p. 157. Newgate is a cage of canary-birds.
1725.—New Canting Dictionary. Canary-bird, a little, arch, or knavish boy; a rogue or whore taken and clapped into the cage or roundhouse.
1839.—Harrison Ainsworth, Jack Sheppard [1889], p. 55. Now for the cage, my pretty canary-bird. Before we start I'll accommodate you with a pair of ruffles.
2. (general).—A mistress. [See preceding quot. (1725): the term is still in use.] For synonyms, see Tart.
3. (common).—Formerly a guinea, but now applied to a sovereign [From similarity of colour.]
English Synonyms. Yellow boy; goldfinch; yellow hammer; shiner; gingleboy; monarch; couter; bean foont; James (from Jacobus); poona; portrait; quid; thick 'un; skin; skiv; dragon; goblin. A guinea was also called a 'ned.'
French Synonyms for the equivalent twenty franc piece are, un jaunet (popular: literally 'butter-cup' or 'yellow-boy'); une sigue, sigle, sigolle or cig (thieves'); un bonnet jaune (popular: literally 'yellow-cap' or 'bonnet'); un bouton (i.e., 'a master-key'); une maltaise (old cant; according to Victor Hugo this gold coin was used on board the convict galleys at Malta); un moule à boutons (popular); une médaille d'or (popular: = a gold medal).
German Synonyms. Gelbling (gelb = yellow); Fuchs (a gold piece; literally 'a fox').
For synonyms of money generally, see Actual and Gilt.
1785. Grose, Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue. Canary-Birds in a canting sense, guineas.
1822. Scott, Fortunes of Nigel, ch. xvi. Fifty as fair yellow canary-birds as e'er chirped in the bottom of a green silk purse.
1842. Punch, p. 168. 'Prolusiones etymologicæ,' 13. Goldfinches—Canaries.—Singing birds; the which whose possesseth needeth never to pine for lack of notes.
4. (thieves').—A female watcher or stall; a mollisher (q.v.). Cf. Crow = a male watcher. Fr. une marque franche.
1862. H. Mayhew, Lon. Lab. and Lond. Poor, IV., 337. Sometimes a woman, called a 'canary,' carries the tools [of burglars], and watches outside.
5. (Salvation Army).—A written promise of a donation or subscription. At some of the meetings of the 'Army' instead of
