from insects, by tying paper bags over every pear as seen in Figs. 6 and 7. The orchard ground is kept free from weeds and not infrequently is covered with a layer of rice or other straw, extensively used in Japan as a ground cover with various crops and when so used is carefully laid in handfuls from bundles, the straws being kept parallel as when harvested.
Fig. 7.— Low branching pear orchard with pears protected by paper bags, at Akashi Experiment Station, Japan.
To one from a country of 160-acre farms, with roads
four rods wide; of cities with broad streets and residences
with green lawns and ample back yards; and where the
cemeteries are large and beautiful parks, the first days of
travel in these old countries force the over-crowding upon
the attention as nothing else can. One feels that the cities
are greatly over-crowded with houses and shops, and these
with people and wares; that the country is over-crowded
with fields and the fields with crops; and that in Japan
the over-crowding is greatest of all in the cemeteries,