49J FEDERAL REPORTER. �Liens uxdek State Laws. A lien arising under a state law is postponed to all maritime liens, whether they accrue before or after the attaehing of a lien uuder the state law, for no state has the power to interfere with, super- sede, or destroy a lien that accrues under the maritime law.(w) When a lien arising under a state law is enforced in admiralty, it is enforced subject to all the qualifications and limitations imposed upon it by the state law. Heuce, the relative rank of these liens with respect to each other depends upon the state law,(a;) but the general tendency, in the absence of an express provision in the state law, is to allow them to share joro rata.{y) �MoKTGAQES TTNDBB THE MARITIME Law. A mortgage is a lien that de- rives it force, not from the maritime law, but from the contract of the parties, and depends for its efflcacy upon the principles of the common law. Hence, like all other liens at common law, it is subject to all prior liens, whether they consist of liens for necessary materials or supplies, (2) or of bottomry bonds, (o) or of liens under state laws.(6) As soon as the mortgage is executed the mortgagee is ordinarily entitled to the possession of the ship. If he leavea it in the possession apd control of the mortgagor, he thereby consents that it shall be subject to all liens which may be contracted or incurred by the mort- gagor in the course of its employment. For the purpose of subjecting it to subsequent liens, the mortgagor is deemed to act with the consent and author- ity of the mortgagee. Hence the lien of the mortgage is postponed to subse- quent liens, whether they consist of liens for salvage,(c) or seamen's wages,(d) or necessary supplies or material8,(e) or collision3,(/) or affreightments,(^) or bottomry bonds,(A) or the lien of a shipwright at conimon law,(i) or liens under state la ws.(i) �MoRTGASE UNDER Kegistration Acts. Section 4192 of the Revised Statvites of the United States is limited to vessels of the United States; hence it does not apply to vessels which have not been either registered or enrolled,(A) �(to) The Superior, Newb. 176 ; The St. Joseph, 1 (d) The City of Tawas, 3 FeiJ, Rep. 170; The �Brown, Adm 202; Tlw Harrison, 2 Abb. C. C. 74; John T. Moore, 3 Woode, 61^ Miller v. The Alice �s. C. 1 SMWy. 353; The Favorite, 3 .Sawy. 406; Getty, 9 C. L. N. 316; The Island City, 1 Low. �The Cify pf Tawas, 3 Fed. Hep. 170 ; The John T. 376. �Moore, 3 Wooda, 61 ; Scctt's Case, 1 Abb. C. 0. 336; (e) The Emily Souder, 17 Wall. 666 ; The Acme, �The K. A. Barnard, aFert. Rep, 712; The Athe. 7 Blatchf. 366; Thomas v. The Kosciusko, 11 N. �nian,3Fed.Rep. iMSiCollinsT.TherortWaynB, Y. Leg.Obs.38. Vide ■lhePiicli;c,Brow.&L.243; �1 Ben. 476. Contra, The General Dunis.de, a F d. The Scio, L. K, 1 A. & E, ,i63. �Rep.aaSjGoblev.TheDelosDe Wolf,3F6d. Hep. (/) Tha Aline, 1 W, Rob. 111. �236' (r) The E. M. McChesiiey, 8 Ben. ISO ; Justi Pon �(i) Srodes v. The Collier. 9 Pitts' . ■ aw J. 73, v. The Arbueter, 6 A. L. Reg. 611. �193 ; The Fanny, 2 Low. 608. (^i) The Dnke of Bedford, 2 Hagg. 294 ; Fnrniss �(V) The Superior. Newb. 176 ; Tl e Kate Hinc - v. The Mngoun, Ole. 12; The Mary, IPaine, 671. �man, 6 Biss. 367 ; The Skylarlt, 2 Biss. 251 j The E. Vide the Royal Arch, Swab. 269. �A. Barnard, 2 Fed, Rep, 712. (i) The Acacia, 42 L, T. (N.S.) 264; Williams v. �(i) The Native, 14 Blatchf. 3i. Allsup, 10 C. B. (N. S.)417; Scott v. Delahunt, 65 �(a) The Royal Arch, Swab. 259 ; The Helg(,Iand, N. Y. 128. �Swab. 491. ,, (;) Keiiogg V. Brennan, 14 Ohio, 72; Provoat V. �(6) Tliorsen v. The J. B. Martin, 26 Wis. 488; Wilcox, 17 Ohio, 359; Donne]] v. the Starliglit. �Provost V. Wilcoi, 17( hio, 369; The Harrison, 2 103 Mass. 227; Jones v. Keen, 115 Mass. 170; The �Abb. ce. ;4; S. C. 1 Sawy. 363 . The Theodore Hull of a New i>li-p, 2 Ware,203. �Perry, 8 Cent 1. aw J, 1 H ; ,Tbe Favorite, 3 Sawy. (fc) Thurher v. The Fannie, 8 Ben. 4W ; Best v. �405. Vide Underwriters Wreck ng Co. v. The Staple, 61 N. Y. 71 ; Perkins v. Emerson, 69 Ve. �Katie, 3 Woods, 182. 319 ; Foster v. Perkins, 42 Me. 168 ; Hic s v. Wil- �(c) The Dowthorpe, 2 W. Rob. 73. liams, 17 Barb. 623 ; Veazie v. Somerby, 87 Mass. �280. ��� �
