PROP. XVII.————
the subject, and the subject or mind, on the other hand, apart from all objects. The substantial is thus constituted by an analysis of phenomena. Shortly stated, the distinction is this: genuine speculation finds the known substantial in the synthesis of two phenomenals, which, in the opinion of psychology, are substantials—objects, namely, on the one hand, and subject on the other; and it finds the phenomenal in the analysis of this substantial. Psychology, on the contrary, finds the known phenomenal in the synthesis of two substantials, which, in the estimation of speculation, are phenomenals—objects, namely, on the one hand, and subject on the other; and it finds the substantial in the analysis of this phenomenal. Thus speculation gives out as the substantial what nature herself has fixed as such; and, moreover, gives out as the phenomenal the elements which result when this substantial is tampered with and broken up. Psychology, on the contrary, gives out as the substantial the elements which result when the substantial is tampered with and broken up; and, moreover, gives out as the phenomenal that which nature herself has fixed as the substantial.
Speculation proved to be right even by a reference to experience.28. But dropping this somewhat technical phraseology, and looking at the question simply by the light of common sense, or experience, we may very easily see that the doctrine advocated by speculation is