RECENT
RESEARCH ON INSTITUTIONS.
1. The History of Human Marriage. By Edward Westermarck. London: Macmillan, 1891.
2. The Women of Turkey and their Folk-lore. By Miss Lucy Garnett. With chapters on the Origin of Matriarchy, by J. S. StuartGlennie. London; Nutt, 1891.
3. Notes on Land Tenure and Local Institntiuns in Old Japan. By the late Dr. D. B. Simmons; edited by J. H. Wigmore. Asiatic Society of Japan.
4. Origin of Property in Land. By Fustel de Coulanges. With an Introductory Chapter on the English Manor, by W. J. Ashley. London: Sonnenschein, 1891.
5. Recherches sur l'Origine de la Propriété Foncière et des Moms de Lieux habités en France. Par H. D'Arbois de Jubainville. Paris: Thorin, 1890.
6. Modern Customs and Ancient Laws of Russia. By Maxime Kovalevsky. London: Nutt, 1891.
7. Lectures on the Growth of Criminal Law in Ancient Communities. By Dr. Richard R. Cherry. London: Macmillan, 1890.
8. Forty Years in a Moorland Parish. By Rev. J. C. Atkinson. London: Macmillan, 1891.
9. Folk-lore Congress, 1891. Customs and Institutions Section.
INSTITUTIONS, as at present undefined, cover a wide field of research, as may be gathered by a glance at the titles of the works we are called upon to examine, in order to take stock of our present position. Definition in this, as in other branches of folk-lore, is sadly needed. We should know what an institution is as distinct from custom and usage. All custom and usage is certainly not institutional in its character and scope; as certainly we think institutions are developments from custom and usage, and not vice versâ.
