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China's Strategic Goals
| Non-Traditional Collectors | China uses individuals for whom science or business is their primary profession to target and acquire US technology. |
| Joint Ventures (JV) | China uses JVs to acquire technology and technical know-how. |
| Research partnerships | China actively seeks partnerships with government laboratories-such as the Department of Energy labs-to learn about and acquire specific technology, and the soft skills necessary to run such facilities. |
| Academic Collaborations | China uses collaborations and relationships with universities to acquire specific research and gain access to high-end research equipment. Its policies state it should exploit the openness of academia to fill China’s strategic gaps. |
| S&T Investments | China has sustained, long-term state investments in its S&T infrastructure. |
| M&A | China seeks to buy companies that have technology, facilities and people. These sometimes end up as Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (CFIUS) cases. |
| Front Companies | China uses front companies to obscure the hand of the Chinese government and acquire export controlled technology. |
| Talent Recruitment Programs | China uses its talent recruitment programs to find foreign experts to return to China and work on key strategic programs. |
| Intelligence Services | The Ministry of State Security (MSS), and military intelligence offices are used in China’s technology acquisition efforts. |
| Legal and Regulatory Environment | China uses its laws and regulations to disadvantage foreign companies and advantage its own companies. |
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