It may be found at an average depth of twelve feet below the surface of the earth and the Gogra, Tirhi, Sarju, and tributary nálas afford in many parts a cheaper and more convenient means of irrigation.
The area of the pargana 170,962 acres, distributed as follows:—
| Cultivated land | 99,142 | acres. | |||||
| Uncultivated | Jungle | 35,843 | 71,820 | acres„ | |||
| Groves | 7,451 | ||||||
| Usar | 28,526 | ||||||
| Total | 1,70,962 | acres.„ | |||||
The grains chiefly sown are Indian-corn, rice, wheat, barley and gram. The area devoted to each crop last year, 1282 Fasli, affords a fair view of the cultivation of the land at the present time:—
| Indian-corn | 30,878 (acres.) | |
| Rice | 20,822 | (acres.)„ |
| Barley | 6,055 | (acres.)„ |
| Wheat | 14,875 | (acres.)„ |
| Gram | 3,380 | (acres.)„ |
| Other produce | 23,132 | (acres.)„ |
There are no mines and no marketable wild products have been found in the pargana. The only serviceable woods which can be had in any quantity are tun and pipal and in the south near the Gogra babúl and shísham. The flowers of the tun are gathered for dyeing and lac is cultivated to a considerable extent on the pípal.
The government revenue demand on the entire pargana is Rs. 1,60,339 per annum, and the gross rental estimated at the settlement was about twice the sum. There are in the pargana 219 had-basti mauzas, forming 13 taluqdari and 57 mufrad muháls: Among the latter there are no pure bhayyachára villages, but 9 of the muháls are zamindari and the remaining 48 are pattidari. In the taluqdari muháls there are 15 birts and eight under-proprietary communities.
The total population is 155,327 souls, of whom only 12,417, are Musalmans, the rest are Hindus. The distribution of castes is as follows:—
| Brahmans | 32,893 |
| Chhattris | 14,761 |
| Ahírs | 12,789 |
| Pásis | 3,334 |
| Other castes | 79,133 |
| 142,910 |
At present there are no Buddhists or Jains among the population, and no researches have yet been made to bring to light any traces which may exist of their former prevalence or of ancient settlements which preceded the immigration of the Brahmanical tribes from the north-west.
Rivers.—(1). The Gogra. This river demands no notice here as it merely forms the southern boundary of the pargana and has been fully treated of elsewhere.
(2) The Sarjurises near Nánpára in the Bahraich district, and after southward course, past Bahraich it turns slightly to the east and pass-
