180 КНЕ hands or not. Properly they are the allowances to a high caste cultivator who is not allowed by his caste to plough with his own hands, and must therefore keep a ploughman. " Other similar deductions, -There are five other deductions from rent which are sometimes and to some cultivators allowed in batái villages, but where kankút prevails the landlord generally makes a deduction of one anna per rupee in lieu of the whole five. They are—(1) Agáwar, 14 ser per maund. Agawar (from age before) is so called from its being taken out of the heap of corn before division. It is sometimes given to the landlord and sometimes to the cultivator in the same way as khaliyáni and khalu. It is not allowed in lieu of any particular service. (2) Biswi. Sometimes the cul- tivator is allowed to take off the whole crop of one biswa of his entire bolding without dividing it. There seems to be no particular reason for this custom, but where it exists the patwari and the shahra get a small present from the cultivators, oue maund per plough. (3) Lahna (lahan) is the wages allowed to the labourers who bring the corn to the threshing-floor: If they are employed by the cultivator this item is always allowed to him as a remission from rent. (4) Anjuri, 2 to 10 sers per plough. Anjuri liter- ally means two handfuls, and is generally given only to the dihwái; a Brah-- man who predicts favourable times for sowing and ploughing, or to the “hom," the man, generally an Ahír, who performs the “bhumyára puja or worship to the tutelary village deity, which worship is universally practis-. ed all over Bhúr, Nighasan, and Srinagar. (5) Khaliyáni and khatri are the same as the landlord's “haqs," of the same name already mentioned, and are occasionally taken by the tenant.
"How rent is paid in Aliganj.-One naturally passes from this ques- tion to that of the stages through which rent passes. They are not here three, as in Srinagar, viz., a low cash rent, a grain rent, and a high cash rent. All over Aliganj pargana rent hardly ever changes from grain to cash or cash to grain. Waste is broken up by the cultivators at a grain rent of one-sixth and one-eighth of the crop, or sometimes one-twelfth, while in forest villages the landlord only gets one-sixteenth in the first year. In the second year the landlord's share passes from one-sixth to one-fourth, from one-eighth to two-eighths, and from one-twelfth to one-sixth, and from one-sixteenth to oue-eighth. In the third year the land begins to pay the full grain-rent of one-half or one-third, or sometimes only one fourth,
- And how in Bhúr proper:-But in the thirty villages in the
southern parts of Bhúr proper land is generally held for the first two years after being brokep up at a low cash rent, just as in Srinagar. This rent doubles itself in the second year, and in the third year is changed into the full grainrent, one-third or one-half; but there is no village in the whole pargana of Bhúr where rents have yet passed from this second stage of grain-rents into the third stage, in which cash rents are taken over the whole lands of the village, as has already happened in many of the best villages of the Ul chak in pargana Srinagar. ce
