fingers and thumb being placed in the two opposite depressions
during the operation. Among the bone instruments were
arrows without barbs, and other tools made of rein-deer
horn, and a bodkin formed out of the more compact horn
of the roe-deer. This instrument was well shaped, and
sharply pointed, and in so good a state of preservation
that it might still be used for piercing the tough skins of
animals.
Scattered through the same ashes and earth were the
bones of the various species of animals enumerated in the
subjoined lists, with the exception of two, marked with
an asterisk, which only occurred in the interior of the
grotto:—
Number of individuals.
1. Ursus spelæus (cave-bear)
................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
5 — 6
2. Ursus Arctos? (brown bear)
................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
1
3. Meles Taxus (badger)
................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
1 — 2
4. Putorius vulgaris (polecat)
................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
1
5. *Felis spelæa (cave-lion)
................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
1
6. Felis Catus ferus (wild cat)
................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
1
7. Hyæna spelæa (cave-hyæna)
................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
5 — 6
8. Canis Lupus (wolf)
................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
3
9. Canis Vulpes (fox)
................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
18 — 20
1. Elephas primigenius (mammoth, two molars)
2. Rhinoceros tichorhinus (Siberian rhinoceros)
................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
1
3. Equus Caballus (horse)
................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
12 — 15
4. Equus Asinus? (ass)
................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
1
5. *Sus Scrofa (pig, two incisors)
6. Cervus Elephas (stag)
................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
1
7. Megaceros hybernicus (gigantic Irish deer)
................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
1
8. G. Capreolus (roebuck)
................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
3 — 4
9. C. Tarandus (reindeer)
................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
10 — 12
10. Bison europæus (aurochs)
................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
12 — 15
The bones of the herbivora were the most numerous, and
all those on the outside of the grotto which had contained
marrow were invariably split open, as if for its extraction, many
