marmoset resemble each other by the quadruple character of a rudimentary olfactory lobe, a posterior lobe completely covering the cerebellum, a well-defined fissure of Sylvius, (ff, fig. 56,) and lastly, a posterior horn in the lateral ventricle. These characters are not met with together, except in Man and the apes.'[1]
In reference to the other figure of a monkey given by Professor Owen, namely, that of the Midas, one of the Marmosets, he states, in 1857 as he had done in 1837, that the posterior part of the cerebral hemispheres 'extends, as in most of the quadrumana, over the greater part of the cerebellum.'[2] In 1859, in his Reade Lecture, delivered to the University of Cambridge, the only illustration which he gave of an ape's brain was a reproduction of that distorted one of the Dutch anatomists already cited (fig. 54, p. 482).
Two years later, Professor Huxley, in a memoir 'On the Zoological Relations of Man with the Lower Animals,' took occasion to refer to Gratiolet's warning, and to cite his criticism on the Dutch plates;[3] but this reminder appears to have been overlooked by Professor Owen, who six months later came out with a new paper on 'The Cerebral Character of Man and the Ape,' in which he repeated the incorrect representation of Schroeder van der Kolk and Vrolik, associating it with Tiedemann's figure of a negro's brain, expressly to show the relative and different extent to which the cerebellum is overlapped by the cerebrum in the two cases respectively.[4] In the ape's brain as thus depicted, the portion of the cerebellum left uncovered is greater than in the lemurs, the lowest type of Primates, and almost as large as in the rodentia, or some of the lowest grades of the mammalia.
- ↑ Gratiolet, ibid. Avant-propos, p. 2, 1854.
- ↑ Proceedings of the Linnæan Society, 1857, p. 18, and Philosophical Transactions, 1837, p. 93.
- ↑ Huxley, Natural History Review, January 7, 1861, p. 76.
- ↑ Annals and Magazine of Natural History, vol. vii. p. 456, and Pl. XX., June 1861.
