aration51 was not their only reason for rebelling. The waters had been the first to give praise to God, and when their separation into upper and lower was decreed, the waters above rejoiced, saying, “Blessed are we who are privileged to abide near our Creator and near His Holy Throne.”
Jubilating thus, they flew upward, and uttered song and praise to the Creator of the world. Sadness fell upon the waters below. They lamented: “Woe unto us, we have not been found worthy to dwell in the presence of God, and praise Him together with our companions.” Therefore they attempted to rise upward, until God repulsed them, and pressed them under the earth.52 Yet they were not left unrewarded for their loyalty. Whenever the waters above desire to give praise to God, they must first seek permission from the waters below.53
The second day of creation was an untoward day in more than the one respect that it introduced a breach where before there had been nothing but unity; for it was the day that saw also the creation of hell. Therefore God could not say of this day as of the others, that He “saw that it was good.”
A division may be necessary, but it cannot be called good, and hell surely does not deserve the attribute of good.54
Hell55 has seven divisions,56 one beneath the other. They are called Sheol, Abaddon, Beër Shahat, Țiț ha-Yawen, Shaʿare Mawet, Shaʿare Ẓalmawet, and Gehenna. It requires three hundred years to traverse the height, or the width, or the depth of each division, and it would take six thousand three hundred57 years to go over a tract of land equal in extent to the seven divisions.58
Each of the seven divisions in turn has seven subdivisions,
