VI
THE PELOPONNESIAN WAR TO THE ESTABLISHMENT OF MACEDONIAN SUPREMACY
The beginning of the Peloponnesian wars, B.C. 431—Revolt of Lesbos—Disorders in Corcyra and Athenian interference in Sicily—Demosthenes in Ætolia—Capture of Pylus, B.C. 425—Battle of Delium, B.C. 424—The campaign of Brasidas in the North and the gradual failure of Athens—The truce of B.C. 423—The Peace of Nicias, B.C. 421—Greek politics from B.C. 421 to B.C. 45—Fresh provocations to Sparta—The Sicilian Expedition, B.C. 415—Alleged profanation of the mysteries—Mutilation of the Hermie—The difficulties of the expedition—Siege of Syracuse begun B.C. 414—The Spartans intervene—Failure of the re-inforced Athenian army and navy—Final defeat of the Athenians and death of Nicias and Demosthenes—Effect on the prestige and authority of Athens—The Athenians resist the dissolution of their confederacy—The operations of the restored Alcibiades—Cyrus and Lysander—The battle of Notium, B.C. 407—Battle ot Arginusoe, B.C. 406, and of Ægospotami, B.C. 405—The occupation of Athens and the destruction of her fortifications and constitution—The Thirty—Thrasybulus restores the democracy, B.C. 405-4—The Sophists in Athens—Condemnation and death of Socrates, B.C. 399—Sparta supreme in Greece, B.C. 403-371—Sparta's efforts to free Asiatic Greeks after the death of Cyrus—Leagues against Sparta, B.C. 396-390—Peace of Antalcidas, B.C. 387—Discredit of the Spartans—New Athenian confederacy, B.C. 378-355—Battle of Leuctra, and beginning of Theban hegemony, B.C. 371—Rise of the Macedonian kingdom—Reign of Philip II. from B.C. 359 to the peace of Philocrates, B.C. 346—Active encroachments of
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