THE TOMB OF MAUSOLUS. 69 In the columns were fine bronze dowels, some of which are preserved at the Museum. The steps of the Pyramid have a raised fillet along the back and at the two ends. The latter, with those on the adjoining stones, make rolls which throw the water away from the actual joints. These fillets fit into cavities cut in the next course above. The scheme is derived from tiling, and I think it probable that the exposed joints were covered by a marble A piece. The entablature is, as we should think, care- lessly constructed, being broken up into many pieces, and with fragile ornamental members inserted in rebates (Fig. 53). These points, and the use of mitre joints for the lacunar margins and carved mouldings, make one think of a sort of " marble joinery" rather than masonry. The workers must have been skilful in an extreme degree, and the whole outlook is very advanced and even doubtful. Adler suggests that the insertion of the delicate mouldings in rebated ledges was done with me object of hasten- ing the works. The same custom is followed at Priene ; and another reason, I think, is, that these parts are wrought in a much finer quality of marble. The architrave is wrought in two beds, one i, 6 deep with two facias, and the upper i foot deep with one. The heading joints of both come together over the columns, and at the back cavities are formed to receive the ends of the cross beams. The facias of the architrave are not in vertical planes, but incline outwards at the top. (Fig. 51.) Pythios, the sculptor of the noble chariot group, may only have been a younger associate of Satyrus, with whom he is mentioned at the Mausoleum, as he was architect of the Priene temple, which was probably begun about 345 and was not com- pleted until about 334.* He belongs to a class of sculptor architects who shaped the course of Greek architecture. Pheidias, who himself was general master of works for Pericles, was followed by Kallimachos, Scopas, Polyclitos the younger, and Pythios. The roles of sculptor and architect seem to have been interchangeable as in the Middle Ages ; the Greek sculptor was a " stone-cutter." After seeing the chariot group we can under-
- Vitruvius gives the name in more than one form, but see Rayet and
Thomas. F
