THE GREEK GODS 89 ment for murder, and of the tribunal that decided cases involving life and death, her place was taken by the dew nymph Aglauros. In art Ares was represented as a young and powerful man, in early times bearded and with full armor; later, beardless and usually clothed only with a helmet and a chlamys. His symbol was the spear. In worship he had as a further attribute an in- cendiary's torch, which was probably a symbol of the devastation produced by war. Ares (Mars) : Homer, II. passim; Ovid, Amor. iii. 3, 27 : Nobis f atif ero Mayors accingitur ense ; Met. iv. 170 sq.; Vergil, Geor. iv. 346:- Martisque dolos et dulcia furta ; Vergil, Aen. passim ; Horace, Od. i. 6, 13 ; Hyginus, Fab. clix. ; Dryden, Secular Masque 53 : Mars has look'd the sky to red ; And Peace, the lazy God, is fled. Shak., King Henry IV. pt. i. iv. 1, 116, King Henry V. Chorus i. 6, Antony and Cleopatra i. 1, 4, Hamlet iii. 4, 57 ; Chaucer, Knight's Tale 117, et passim / Spenser, F. Q. i. xi. 7. Enyo (Bellona) : Ovid, Met. v. 155, Fast. vi. 201 ; Vergil, Aen. viii. 703. 3. THE DIVINITIES OF DESTINY 118. When in human government order and justice, as opposed to the arbitrary will of the sovereign, grad- ually attained a commanding influence, it came to pass that, side by side with the gods of earlier times, who were represented entirely after the manner of human rulers tainted with passion, these ideas of order and justice gained an independent importance by being per- sonified in the divinities of destiny. In Homer, as in the governments of his times, their position was still a
