It is often necessary to examin English passiv participles very carefully, to determine what tense they really signify.
The house seeri in the distance, dom palogöl in fog. The house built on a rock, dom pebumöl su klif.
If we turn the sentence into the activ form it will be clearer. The house which we see in the distance. The house which some one has built (not is building) on a rock.
There is another form of the participle, slightly differing from the future, and having the augment ö instead of o. Its meaning is that which must or ought to do something, or that which must or ought to be done.
Öbinöl, that which ought to be. Pöfinöl, to be finished. Pöks pömenodöl, errors to be corrected. Pöks pomenodöl, errors which will be corrected.
EXERCISE 20
O söl pelestimöl ! Elilädöl vobuki ola nitedik, e no kanöl kapälön dilis anik, penob ole penedi at al säkön va vilol seplanön obe setis suköl.
Honored Sir : Having received your letter and not having and time to write to you this week, I hope that you will excuse the unavoidable (not-to-be-avoided) delay.
THE IMPERATIV
The ending of the simple imperativ is öd, following the person-ending.
Gololöd! Go ! (to one person.) Gololsöd! Go ! (to more than one person.) Pafögivolsöd! Be ye forgiven ! Lit binomöd ! Let there be light ! (Be light !) Senitonöd! Pay attention ! (indefinitely.)
There are two modifications of the imperativ, the courteous or softened form in -ös and the harsh form in -öz; called by some grammarians the optativ and the jussiv. The former expresses a request and the latter a positiv command.
