inquire into and if possible find a solution for these difficulties. The Commissioners, whose report was published by the Oxford University Press in 1921, found in favour of the Patriarch on the constitutional issue.
The Patriarch, whose jurisdiction is practically co- extensive with Palestine and Trans-jordania, and whose flock consists of 40,000 to 80,000 Orthodox, almost wholly Arabic-speaking, is assisted in his duties by a number of titular bishops, who bear the title of Metropolitan or Archbishop. These prelates have no real diocesan jurisdiction, their function being either to represent the Patriarch in the Districts or to assist in the ecclesiastical ceremonies in Jerusalem. The titular sees thus held at present (1922) are the following:—Metropolitans: Ptolemais, Nazareth; Archbishops: Lydda, Mount Tabor, Gaza, Kyriacoupolis, Philadelphia, Neapolis, the Jordan, Sebasteia, Tiberias, Diocaesarea, Hierapolis, Madaba, Pella, Eleutheropolis.
The Patriarchs since the beginning of the: last century have been: Anthimos, 1788–1807; Polycarp, 1808–1827; Athanasios IV., 1827–1845; Cyril II., 1845–1872; Procopios, 1872–1877; Hierotheos, 1879–1882; Nikodemos, 1882–1889; Gerasimos, 1890–1897 ; Damianos, 1897–.
For the history of this Patriarchate, see the Report of Bertram and Luke above referred to; Fortescue's Orthodox Church; Archdeacon Dowling, The Patriarchate of Jerusalem, London, 1908; and Papadopoulos, Ἱστορία τῆς Ἐκκλησίας Ἱεροσολύμων, Jerusalem, 1910.
§ 7. The Latin Church in Palestine.
Latin Patriarchate of Jerusalem.—The Roman Catholic Church was officially established in Palestine on the capture of Jerusalem in 1099 during the First Crusade, the first Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem being Daimbert, Archbishop of Pisa. For the ensuing two centuries the history of the Patriarchate is largely that of the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem; on the capture of the city by Saladin in 1187 the
